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ENR Final Exam Revised

Total questions: 86

Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

some places need long-term protection, not quick fixes.

a)

Conservation easement

b)

Clearcutting

c)

Strip mowing

d)

Temporary fencing

2.

Which species benefits most directly from the creation of snags?

a)

Turkey

b)

Woodpecker

c)

Deer

d)

Bobwhite quail

3.

the tall trees seemed to fade into shorter shrubs and then into grass.

a)

Create gradual transition habitat

b)

Increase water depth

c)

Remove all shrubs

d)

Promote closed-canopy forest

4.

Regenerating a forest stand through clearcutting produces:

a)

Old-growth habitat

b)

Early successional habitat

c)

Wetland habitat

d)

Mid-story hardwood habitat

5.

Leaving unharvested strips of grain is important because it:

a)

Provides deep-water cover

b)

Reduces nutrient runoff

c)

Provides winter food

d)

Increases canopy closure

6.

a vibrant food plot alive with fluttering small birds darting between seeds and sprouts. Tracks and scat abound. A feast laid out before the critters..

a)

game species

b)

reptiles

c)

fish

d)

Amphibians

7.

Planting trees benefits wildlife primarily because trees provide:

a)

Shade only

b)

Hard and soft mast

c)

Increased turbidity

d)

High soil pH

8.

Which practice uses fire to set back ecological succession?

a)

Strip disking

b)

Prescribed burning

c)

Clearcutting

d)

Short-rotation mowing

9.

a selective herbicide chooses its target… and spares the rest.”

a)

Kill all vegetation equally

b)

Targets undesirable species

c)

Lower water pH

d)

Increase erosion rates

10.

No-till agriculture benefits wildlife by:

a)

Increasing soil disturbance

b)

Reducing soil disturbance

c)

Increasing pesticide need

d)

Removing vegetative cover

11.

Increasing deer harvest is appropriate when the population:

a)

Is stable

b)

Exceeds carrying capacity

c)

Is below recruitment threshold

d)

Shows no browse line

12.

Which species commonly uses nest boxes in open areas?

a)

Turkey

b)

Bluebird

c)

Quail

d)

Barred owl

13.

Turbid ponds caused by cattle require which WMP?

a)

Livestock exclusion

b)

Liming

c)

Pond dredging

d)

Predator removal

14.

Removing fish barriers is most important for:

a)

Predator fish

b)

Migratory species

c)

Pond fish

d)

Bottom-dwellers only

15.

“Boys… these trees were here long before we were even born.”

a)

Recently burned

b)

Never been harvested

c)

Recently regenerated

d)

Only young trees

16.

A regrowth (second-growth) forest is a forest that has:

a)

Never been disturbed

b)

Regenerated after harvest

c)

Only hardwoods

d)

Only conifers

17.

Lumber is sawn wood cut from:

a)

Roots

b)

Logs

c)

Bark

d)

Branches

18.

Pulpwood is wood used to manufacture:

a)

Tile

b)

Paper

c)

Metals

d)

Textiles

19.

Forests protect streams by shading water, filtering runoff, and:

a)

Increasing sediment

b)

Stabilizing stream banks

c)

Lowering oxygen

d)

Reducing fish habitat

20.

A standing dead tree that provides wildlife habitat is called a:

a)

Den tree

b)

Snag

c)

Pole timber

d)

Cull tree

21.

Increased biodiversity at habitat boundaries is called:

a)

Fragmentation

b)

Edge effect

c)

Succession

d)

Zonation

22.

Breaking large forests into smaller isolated patches is known as:

a)

Edge expansion

b)

Fragmentation

c)

Reforestation

d)

Stand thinning

23.

The chemical formula for water is:

a)

CO₂

b)

H₂O

c)

O₂H

d)

OH₂

24.

The ability of water to move upward through narrow tubes is called:

a)

Transpiration

b)

Capillarity

c)

Condensation

d)

Evaporation

25.

Water returning to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail is called:

a)

Condensation

b)

Precipitation

c)

Infiltration

d)

Surface runoff

26.

Water soaking into soil is called:

a)

Transpiration

b)

Infiltration

c)

Evaporation

d)

Runoff

27.

this is where the river tells the sea hello

A gently freshwater kiss

A warm saltwater hug

a)

Sand dunes

b)

Estuary

c)

Ice melt

d)

Groundwater

28.

A permeable rock formation that stores groundwater is called an:

a)

Estuary

b)

Aquifer

c)

Reservoir

d)

Riparian shelf

29.

The two main sources of water are surface water and:

a)

Groundwater

b)

Fog water

c)

Irrigation runoff

d)

Soil vapor

30.

The water source most vulnerable to contamination is:

a)

Deep aquifers

b)

Surface water

c)

Glacial melt

d)

Mountain springs

31.

Water that is safe to drink is called:

a)

Saline

b)

Potable

c)

Turbid

d)

Hypoxic

32.

The cloudiness or clarity of water is called:

a)

Conductivity

b)

Turbidity

c)

Salinity

d)

Hardness

33.

A Secchi disk is used to measure:

a)

pH

b)

Water clarity

c)

Nitrate levels

d)

Temperature

34.

Dissolved oxygen is important because aquatic life:

a)

Needs it for respiration

b)

Uses it for buoyancy

c)

Requires it to shed carbon

d)

Stores it in sediment

35.

Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and their:

a)

Minerals

b)

Environment

c)

Genetics only

d)

Atmosphere only

36.

The sphere that includes all living things is the:

a)

Lithosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Biosphere

37.

The sphere that includes all of Earth’s water is the:

a)

Biosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Cryosphere

d)

Geosphere

38.

The long-term average pattern of weather in an area is its:

a)

Climate

b)

Season

c)

Daily forecast

d)

Temperature trend

39.

The amount of water vapor in the air is called:

a)

Dew point

b)

Humidity

c)

Condensation

d)

Saturation index

40.

“Guess that’s what you get for living where the rain never seems to take a day off.”

--Some dude (probably)

a)

Desert

b)

Tundra

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Grassland

41.

The biome that covers most of South Carolina is the:

a)

Temperate forest

b)

Alpine tundra

c)

Taiga

d)

Desert scrub

42.

Biodiversity refers to the:

a)

Variety of organisms in an area

b)

Height of trees in a stand

c)

Nitrogen levels in soil

d)

Dominance of predators

43.

An ecoregion is defined by climate, landforms, soil, and:

a)

Vegetation

b)

Mineral content

c)

River volume

d)

Seasonal wind speeds

44.

The highest point in South Carolina is:

a)

Table Rock

b)

Sassafras Mountain

c)

Kings Mountain

d)

Caesars Head

45.

South Carolina’s climate is classified as:

a)

Semi-arid

b)

Humid subtropical

c)

Mediterranean

d)

Cold continental

46.

The longest blackwater river in South Carolina is the:

a)

Edisto

b)

Santee

c)

Congaree

d)

Pee Dee

47.

The introduction of a non-native species is problematic because it may:

a)

Increase biodiversity

b)

Compete with native species

c)

Improve water quality

d)

Stabilize soils

48.

Species that reproduce rapidly due to lack of predators are considered:

a)

Invasive

b)

Keystone

c)

Indicator

d)

Endangered

49.

Invasive species negatively affect ecosystems because they reduce:

a)

Species diversity

b)

Decomposition

c)

Water flow

d)

Mineral cycling

50.

A species very important to ecosystem structure and function is called a:

a)

Keystone species

b)

Producer

c)

Consumer

d)

Pioneer species

51.

The place where an organism lives is its:

a)

Habitat

b)

Niche

c)

Community

d)

Biome

52.

The role an organism plays in its environment is its:

a)

Habitat

b)

Population

c)

Niche

d)

Territory

53.

The variety of habitats within an ecosystem or region is called:

a)

Species richness

b)

Habitat diversity

c)

Niche diversity

d)

Physiographic diversity

54.

An area where an organism finds food, water, shelter, and space is its:

a)

Niche

b)

Habitat

c)

Territory

d)

Community

55.

All living and nonliving things interacting in an area form an:

a)

Ecosystem

b)

Biosphere

c)

Community

d)

Ecoregion

56.

Forest fragmentation is best described as:

a)

Breaking forests into isolated patches

b)

Replanting harvested areas

c)

Thinning a stand

d)

Removing edge habitat

57.

The purpose of prescribed fire is to:

a)

Increase erosion

b)

Safely reduce fuels and maintain habitat

c)

Eliminate all hardwoods

d)

Decrease biodiversity

58.

A firebreak is used to:

a)

Attract wildlife

b)

Reduce or stop fire spread

c)

Promote hardwood growth

d)

Remove diseased trees

59.

Smoke management aims to:

a)

Increase burn intensity

b)

Reduce smoke impact on the public

c)

Increase air temperature

d)

Increase smoldering time

60.

Which pine species historically depends on frequent prescribed fire?

a)

Loblolly pine

b)

Longleaf pine

c)

Eastern white pine

d)

Shortleaf pine

61.

A Biltmore stick is used to measure:

a)

Soil depth

b)

DBH (diameter at breast height)

c)

Timber volume from stumps

d)

Crown spread

62.

A diameter tape converts circumference into:

a)

Radius

b)

Diameter

c)

Board-foot volume

d)

Basal area

63.

Which tool removes a narrow wood core from a tree to determine age?

a)

Increment borer

b)

Peavey

c)

Chainsaw

d)

Relascope

64.

A clinometer is used to measure:

a)

Bark thickness

b)

Slope and tree height

c)

Soil pH

d)

Leaf area index

65.

GPS units in forestry are commonly used to:

a)

Age trees

b)

Map stands and boundaries

c)

Measure DBH

d)

Harvest timber safely

66.

Flagging tape is commonly used to:

a)

Fertilize seedlings

b)

Mark trails, boundaries, or plots

c)

Remove bark

d)

Test soil hardness

67.

A management practice used to improve visibility, access, and wildlife habitat by removing competing vegetation from the forest floor is:

a)

Regeneration harvest

b)

Understory clearing

c)

Patch cutting

d)

Windrowing

68.

Soil compaction from construction is caused by:

a)

Rainfall

b)

Wind

c)

Heavy equipment

d)

Grazing animals

69.

Bringing up subsoil during construction lowers fertility because:

a)

Subsoil has fewer nutrients and organic matter

b)

Subsoil has more earthworms

c)

Subsoil is too light in color

d)

Subsoil has more minerals

70.

Soil contamination can enter and pollute:

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Groundwater

c)

Rocks

d)

Sunlight

71.

Which is the primary factor in soil degradation?

a)

Irrigation

b)

Erosion

c)

Fertilization

d)

Tillage

72.

Improper irrigation can lead to:

a)

Soil aeration

b)

Increased porosity

c)

Organic matter buildup

d)

Salinization, alkalinization, and waterlogging

73.

Growing crops without replacing nutrients leads to:

a)

Increased porosity

b)

Soil fertility decline

c)

Humus formation

d)

Soil restoration

74.
What is a soil problem all farmers face?
a)
soil hardening
b)
soil erosion
c)
soil spoiling
d)
soil pollution
75.

the ground’s got its own little layers—like a cake nobody’s supposed to eat.

a)
Deposits
b)
Horizons
c)
Minerals
d)
Rocks
76.
Which type of soil can hold the greatest amount of water?
a)
sand
b)
silt
c)
clay
d)
loam
77.
The texture of soil depends mainly on
a)
the types of plants that grow in the soil.
b)
the size of the particles in the soil.
c)
the color of the soil.
d)
the number of worms in the soil.
78.

When you plant the seeds of the next crop along side the remains of the previous crop (in order to decrease erosion), it is known as...

a)

terracing.

b)

contour plowing.

c)

drip irrigation.

d)

no-till farming.

79.

I knelt in the garden, letting the soft earth crumble between my fingers. I smiled as I brushed aside a tiny root and uncovered bits of old leaves, specks of broken rock, and pockets of cool moisture rising as I dug deeper.
“This whole place is built from so many different pieces working together.”

a)
weathered rocks and minerals
b)
dead plants and animals
c)
air and water
d)
all of the above
80.

Which term is used to describe low density, automobile-dependent community development that is associated with land use that has a negative impact?

a)

urban coalition

b)

urban homesteading

c)

urban planning

d)

urban sprawl

81.

Land used to graze livestock and wildlife

a)

rangeland

b)

forest land

c)

farmland

d)

urban land

82.

land used for recreation, scenic, enjoyment, and for preserving native animal and plant communities and ecosystems

a)

rangeland

b)

parks and preserves

c)

wetlands

d)

farmland

83.

land used for growing and harvesting wood, and harvesting wildlife, fish, nuts, and other resources

a)

rangeland

b)

forest land

c)

urban land

d)

farm land

84.

How many state officers have been from Pendleton--including the current one?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

8

d)

10

85.

The SC State FFA President is?

a)

Marshall T. Mathers

b)

Thaddeus G. Margschneider

c)

Gustav M. Tarshall

d)

Thomas G. Marshall

86.

The Pendleton FFA Chapter President is?

a)

Daylee Vaughn Gilreath

b)

Rachel McCracken

c)

Ivy Smith

d)

Toby Vanderhooven