Data is organized into various units like bits, bytes, and larger structures.

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Hard drives, SSDs, and RAM are used to store data temporarily or permanently.

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A unit of digital information consisting of 8 bits

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Short for binary digit, the smallest unit of data in computing

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Bits can hold either a positive or negative charge

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Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number. That includes characters, such as letters and punctuation marks.

(a)  

When a character is stored in memory, it is first converted to a numeric code. The numeric

code is then stored in memory as a binary number.

(a)  

is a set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters.

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ASCII Stands for

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The term digital can be used to describe anything that

uses binary numbers

(a)  

How does program work

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•Ine program is loaded into the computer's memorv

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Cpu retrieves Instructions from memory

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CPU interprets the instruction

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Cpu performs the specified operation

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Process continues until program completion

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allows a programmer to develop the sets of instructions that constitute a computer program.

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Programming languages bridge the gap between human logic and machine instructions

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They provide a structured way to break down complex tasks into manageable steps

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Programming languages allow for the creation of reusable code and automation of repetitive tasks

(a)  

They enable the development of new software, applications, and technologies

(a)  

Represents an electrical signal In binary

(a)  

Represents no electrical signal In binary

(a)  

The basic rules for writing code in a specific programming language is called the

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Incorrect syntax can lead to compilation errors or unexpected program behavior.

(a)  

The "easier" programming languages are called

(a)  

they are closer to the binary code a computer understands.

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Computers can only execute programs that are written in machine language.

(a)  

Programming in machine language would be very difficult because putting a 0 or a 1 in the wrong place will cause an error.

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was created in the early days of computing as an alternative to machine language

(a)  

Instead of using binary numbers for instructions, assembly language uses short words that are known as

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is a sequence of symbols that specifies a computation.

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a set of rules that specify which sequences of symbols constitute a program, and what computation the program describes.

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The physical components of a computer system, including the processor, memory. storage devices, and input/output devices.

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The fundamental software that manages

hardware resources and provides services for other software applications.

(a)  

Programs designed to perform specific

tasks or functions for the user, such as

word processors, web browsers, or games

(a)  

Human beings make use of reasoning, intelligence and intuition to solve problems.

(a)  

Computers solve problems according to instructions supplied by programmers.

(a)  

By reliability, we mean that you should be able to depend on the program to always do what it has been designed to do.

(a)  

By this, we mean that you should be able to modify the program when the need arises.

(a)  

The concept of portability in programming is that a program should be capable of being transferable to a different computer platforms with a minimum modification, if any at all.

(a)  

A program should be easy for other programmers to read and understand. For example a readable program is easier to maintain.

(a)  

Knowledge of electric circuit boards, processors, chips, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming

(a)  

Knowledge of numbers, their

onerations. ano

interrelationships including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

(a)  

Writing computer programs for various purposes.

(a)  

Communicating effectively with others in writing as indicated by the needs of the

aucience.

(a)  

Ability to understand complex technical documentation.

(a)  

Analytical skills to solve complex programming challenges.

(a)  

The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

(a)  

The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to come up with logical answers. It involves deciding if an answer

makes sense.

(a)  

- Finding ways to structure or classify multiple pieces or Intormation

(a)  

First generation

- direct binary code understood by computers

(a)  

2nd generation - human-readable mnemonics representing machine instructions

(a)  

Third generation - more abstract, closer to natural language

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fourth generation - domain-specific, often for database or rapid application development

(a)  

fifth generation -based and logic programming languages (e.g

Prolog)

(a)