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WorksheetsHuman Anaphy - Reproductive System and Meiosis
Total questions: 99
Worksheet time: 50mins
What is the function of gametes in the reproductive system?
Production of gametes is essential for fertilization and the development of a new individual.
Gametes help in the digestion of food in the reproductive system.
Gametes are responsible for the circulation of blood in the reproductive system.
Gametes provide structural support to reproductive organs.
Define chromosome.
A chromosome is a thread-like structure of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
A chromosome is a type of protein that helps in digestion.
A chromosome is a cell organelle responsible for energy production.
A chromosome is a liquid found in the nucleus of a cell.
What is a chromatid?
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.
A type of cell found only in plants.
A structure that carries oxygen in the blood.
A protein that helps in muscle contraction.
What does the centromere do?
Connects 2 sister chromatids.
Initiates cell division.
Synthesizes proteins.
Stores genetic information.
Homologous pairs are:
Pairs of chromosomes that are of a similar length and that have a similar gene positioning.
Pairs of chromosomes that are identical in every way.
Pairs of chromosomes that are always inherited together.
Pairs of chromosomes that have no genes in common.
What is the function of spindle fibers during cell division?
Protein structures that pull apart the genetic material in a cell when the cell divides.
Structures that synthesize proteins during cell division.
Organelles that store energy for cell division.
Fibers that transport nutrients across the cell membrane during division.
What is synapsis?
Pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I.
Separation of sister chromatids during anaphase II of meiosis II.
Formation of spindle fibers during metaphase.
Replication of DNA during interphase.
Chiasmata is the point at which two homologous non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material.
True
False
What is crossing over?
Points where homologues cross over and exchange genetic material.
A process where cells divide without genetic exchange.
A stage in mitosis where chromosomes align at the center.
A method of asexual reproduction in plants.
Match the following terms to their definitions:
Thread-like structure of DNA that carries genetic information
Chromosome
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome
Chromatid
Connects 2 sister chromatids
Centromere
Pairs of chromosomes of similar length and gene positioning
Homologous Pair
Protein structures that pull apart genetic material
Spindle Fiber
List the steps of Meiosis I in order.
1. Prophase I, 2. Metaphase I, 3. Anaphase I, 4. Telophase I, 5. Cytokinesis
1. Metaphase I, 2. Prophase I, 3. Anaphase I, 4. Telophase I, 5. Cytokinesis
1. Prophase I, 2. Anaphase I, 3. Metaphase I, 4. Telophase I, 5. Cytokinesis
1. Prophase I, 2. Metaphase I, 3. Telophase I, 4. Anaphase I, 5. Cytokinesis
During which phase of Meiosis I do homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing-over occurs?
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
In which phase do homologous chromosome pairs line up side by side at the equator?
Metaphase I
Prophase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
During which phase are homologous chromosomes pulled to opposite poles?
Anaphase I
Metaphase II
Telophase I
Prophase I
What happens during Telophase I of meiosis?
Chromosomes reach the poles and nuclear membranes may re-form.
Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
The cell undergoes DNA replication.
What is the result of cytokinesis in meiosis I?
Cell divides into two haploid cells, each with half the chromosome number, but chromosomes are still duplicated.
Cell divides into two diploid cells, each with a full set of chromosomes.
Cell divides into four haploid cells, each with unduplicated chromosomes.
Cell divides into two haploid cells, each with unduplicated chromosomes.
What is the process called where chromosomes condense again and spindle fibers form in each of the two haploid cells during meiosis II?
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
During meiosis II, at which stage do chromosomes (still with two sister chromatids) line up at the equator?
Metaphase II
Prophase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
During meiosis II, sister chromatids finally separate and move to opposite poles. What is this stage called?
Anaphase II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Telophase II
During meiosis II, chromatids (now individual chromosomes) reach the poles and nuclear membranes reform. What is this stage called?
Telophase II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Both cells divide to form four genetically unique haploid daughter cells. What is this process called?
Cytokinesis
Mitosis
Binary fission
Meiosis
What is the union of sperm and oocyte called?
Fertilization
Mitosis
Ovulation
Implantation
A fertilized oocyte is called a:
Zygote
Embryo
Blastocyst
Ovum
How many days after fertilization does a zygote develop into an embryo?
3 to 14 days
1 to 2 days
15 to 28 days
30 to 40 days
50 to 60 days
Label the major reproductive organs in the diagram of the human reproductive system (female and male).
Female: Infundibulum, Fimbriae, Ovary, Uterus, Endometrium, Myometrium, Cervix, Cervical canal, Vagina. Male: Urinary bladder, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral gland, Epididymis, Testis, Vas deferens, Urethra, Corpus cavernosum, Corpus spongiosum, Glans of penis.
Female: Pancreas, Liver, Ovary, Uterus, Endometrium, Myometrium, Cervix, Cervical canal, Vagina. Male: Urinary bladder, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral gland, Epididymis, Testis, Vas deferens, Urethra, Corpus cavernosum, Corpus spongiosum, Glans of penis.
Female: Infundibulum, Fimbriae, Ovary, Uterus, Endometrium, Myometrium, Cervix, Cervical canal, Vagina. Male: Kidney, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral gland, Epididymis, Testis, Vas deferens, Urethra, Corpus cavernosum, Corpus spongiosum, Glans of penis.
Female: Infundibulum, Fimbriae, Ovary, Uterus, Endometrium, Myometrium, Cervix, Cervical canal, Vagina. Male: Urinary bladder, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral gland, Epididymis, Testis, Vas deferens, Urethra, Corpus cavernosum, Corpus spongiosum, Head of penis.
Which of the following is NOT an accessory gland of the male reproductive system?
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Glands
Bulbourethral gland
Ovary
Which ducts are part of the male reproductive system? Select all that apply.
A. Epididymis
B. Ducta Deferens
C. Urethra
D. Fallopian tube
The scrotum and penis are supporting structures of the male reproductive system.
True
False
What is the structure of the scrotum?
Tube-like organ
Saclike that contains testes
Glandular tissue
Muscular wall
Which muscle is responsible for moving the scrotum and testes close to and away from the body depending on temperature?
Dartos muscle
Cremaster muscle
Interstitial muscle
Sustentacular muscle
Fill in the blank: The primary male reproductive organ is the ________.
testis
ovary
uterus
prostate
Which cells secrete testosterone?
Sertoli cells
Interstitial cells
Germ cells
Spermatogonia
What is the function of Sertoli cells?
Nourish germ cells and produce hormones
Transport oxygen in blood
Initiate muscle contraction
Store genetic information
Spermatogenesis begins in males at what age range?
5-7 years old
12-14 years old
18-20 years old
25-30 years old
List the correct order of sperm cell production:
1. Germ Cells, 2. Spermatogonia, 3. Primary Spermatocytes, 4. Secondary Spermatocytes, 5. Spermatids, 6. Sperm Cells
1. Spermatogonia, 2. Germ Cells, 3. Primary Spermatocytes, 4. Secondary Spermatocytes, 5. Spermatids, 6. Sperm Cells
1. Germ Cells, 2. Primary Spermatocytes, 3. Spermatogonia, 4. Secondary Spermatocytes, 5. Spermatids, 6. Sperm Cells
1. Germ Cells, 2. Spermatogonia, 3. Secondary Spermatocytes, 4. Primary Spermatocytes, 5. Spermatids, 6. Sperm Cells
Each testis consists of 250 cone-shaped lobules.
True
False
What happens to the dartos and cremaster muscles when temperature increases (e.g., during exercise or fever)?
They relax.
They contract.
They become rigid.
They swell up.
Approximately how many days does it take for sperm cells to be produced?
Approximately 74 days
Approximately 30 days
Approximately 100 days
Approximately 50 days
Which part of the sperm cell contains the nucleus and DNA?
Head
Midpiece
Tail
Basal body
What is the main function of the midpiece of a sperm cell?
Contains DNA
Contains mitochondria
Provides structural support
Movement
Fill in the blank: The ________ is the flagellum for movement in the sperm cell.
Tail
Head
Midpiece
Acrosome
Match the following sperm cell parts with their functions:
Contains mitochondria
B
Contains nucleus and DNA
A
Flagellum for movement
C
Which duct is responsible for receiving new sperm from the seminiferous tubule and is the site of sperm maturation and development?
Vas deferens
Epididymis
Urethra
Seminal vesicle
The vas deferens carries sperm from the testis into the body cavity of the male through peristaltic waves.
True
False
Fill in the blank: The structure of the vas deferens is approximately ______ cm long.
45
20
60
10
What is the process called where final changes in sperm cells occur during ejaculation of semen into the vagina?
Capacitation
Fertilization
Implantation
Ovulation
What are the components of the spermatic cord?
Ductus deferens, Testicular artery and veins, Lymphatic vessels, Testicular nerves
Seminal vesicle, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral gland, Epididymis
Vas deferens, Urethra, Penis, Scrotum
Epididymis, Seminal vesicle, Prostate gland, Urethra
What is the function of the seminal vesicle?
Secretes fluid that contributes to semen
Produces testosterone
Stores sperm
Initiates ejaculation
The structure of the seminal vesicle is described as:
Tube-shaped
Sac-shaped
Spherical
Flat
What is the pathway of the ejaculatory duct?
Passes through the prostate gland and opens into the urethra
Passes through the seminal vesicle and opens into the bladder
Passes through the vas deferens and opens into the rectum
Passes through the epididymis and opens into the ureter
The urethra is divided into which three parts?
Prostatic urethra, Membranous urethra, Spongy urethra
Renal pelvis, Ureter, Bladder
Corpus cavernosum, Corpus spongiosum, Glans penis
Seminal vesicle, Ejaculatory duct, Vas deferens
What is the main function of the penis?
For copulation and functions in the transfer of sperm cells from the male to the female.
For digestion of food.
For pumping blood throughout the body.
For filtering waste from the blood.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the penis?
Excretes urine
Secretes hormones
Transfers sperm cells
Forms a cap at the distal end
Name the three erectile tissues found in the penis.
(2) corpus cavernosum/sa, (1) corpus spongiosum, (1) spongy urethra
(2) corpus spongiosum, (1) corpus cavernosum, (1) spongy urethra
(2) corpus cavernosum/sa, (1) spongy urethra, (1) corpus spongiosum
(3) corpus cavernosum, (1) spongy urethra, (1) corpus spongiosum
What causes the penis to enlarge and become firm during erection?
Engorgement of erectile tissue with blood
Contraction of the urethra
Increase in body temperature
Release of hormones into the bloodstream
Match the following anatomical terms with their correct diagram labels:
Corpus cavernosum
labeled in cross-section and anterior view diagrams
Corpus spongiosum
labeled in cross-section and sagittal section diagrams
Urethra
labeled in cross-section and sagittal section diagrams
Dorsal artery
labeled in anterior view diagram
Dorsal nerve
labeled in anterior view diagram
What is the function of the prepuce/foreskin?
Covers the glans penis
Produces sperm
Regulates urine flow
Controls erection
What is the surgical removal of the prepuce called?
Circumcision
Appendectomy
Lobectomy
Mastectomy
Which gland surrounds the urethra and consists of capsule and partitions?
Prostate gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pituitary gland
What does prostatic fluid carry during ejaculation?
Sperm
Eggs
Red blood cells
Urine
Which gland produces mucous secretion that aids sperm movement and survival in the female reproductive tract?
Bulbourethral gland
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicle
Adrenal gland
Which of the following is NOT a function of the seminal vesicles?
Nourishment of sperm cells
Coagulation of semen
Production of testosterone
Movement of sperm cells
What percentage of semen fluid is from the prostate gland?
30%
10%
50%
70%
Which gland helps neutralize the acidity of the male urethra and female vagina?
Bulbourethral gland
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicle
Adrenal gland
How many milliliters of semen are ejaculated each time?
2 to 5 milliliters
10 to 15 milliliters
0.5 to 1 milliliter
20 to 25 milliliters
1 milliliter of semen contains how many sperm?
100 million
1 million
10 million
500 million
Sperm can live for how many hours once inside the female?
72 hours
12 hours
24 hours
48 hours
Which of the following is a function of mucus secretion?
Nourishment of sperm
Lubrication of the urethra for sperm movement
Coagulation of semen
Production of testosterone
Match the gland with its function:
Prostate gland
Aid in sperm cells traveling to the oocyte
Seminal vesicles
Nourishment of sperm cells
Bulbourethral gland
Neutralize acidity of male urethra and female vagina
60% of semen fluid is from seminal vesicles.
True
False
The prostate gland regulates pH and produces fibrinogen.
True
False
List the correct order of the path of sperm as described in the diagram: 1. Sperm develop in _______ tubules (testes) 2. _______ (mature) 3. Ductus deferens 4. Receive secretions from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland 5. Urethra where semen (sperm) exits body.
1. Seminiferous, 2. Epididymis
1. Epididymis, 2. Seminiferous
1. Proximal, 2. Distal
1. Vas deferens, 2. Seminiferous
Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates LH and FSH release?
GnRH
LH
FSH
Testosterone
Testosterone is produced in which cells of the testes?
Testosterone is produced in testicular interstitial cells.
Testosterone is produced in seminiferous tubule cells.
Testosterone is produced in Sertoli cells.
Testosterone is produced in Leydig cells.
Which hormone is secreted by seminiferous tubule cells and inhibits FSH release?
Inhibin
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Match the following male sex hormones with their functions:
GnRH
5
LH
4
FSH
1
Testosterone
2
Inhibin
3
At what age does male puberty typically begin and end?
Begins at 12 to 14 and ends around 18
Begins at 8 to 10 and ends around 14
Begins at 15 to 17 and ends around 22
Begins at 10 to 12 and ends around 16
Which is the major male hormone responsible for secondary sexual characteristics?
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Dihydrotestosterone
Name two secondary sexual characteristics that develop during male puberty.
Larynx increases in size (deepening voice), increased skeletal muscle development
Increase in height and weight, improved memory
Development of freckles, change in eye color
Ability to digest lactose, improved hand-eye coordination
List the three major components of the male sex act.
1. Erection of the penis 2. Emission 3. Ejaculation
1. Spermatogenesis 2. Testosterone production 3. Semen storage
1. Ovulation 2. Menstruation 3. Fertilization
1. Urethral dilation 2. Prostate contraction 3. Testicular descent
Penile erection is controlled only by nerves.
True
False
What is the primary female reproductive organ?
Ovary
Uterus
Fallopian tube
Vagina
Which structure anchors the ovaries to the uterus?
Ovarian ligaments
Suspensory ligaments
Broad ligaments
Round ligaments
Which structure attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament?
Mesovarium
Suspensory ligament
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament
What is the function of granulosa cells?
Surrounds the primary oocyte/single layer
Produces testosterone
Forms the zona pellucida
Initiates ovulation
What is the thick layer separating the oocyte and granulosa cells called?
Zona pellucida
Corona radiata
Antrum
Theca interna
If fertilization occurs, where does the zygote implant?
In the uterus
In the ovary
In the fallopian tube
In the cervix
Oocytes are swept into one of the uterine tubes by ______ during ovulation.
fimbriae
cilia
flagella
villi
Which of the following is NOT a function of the ovaries?
Produces oocytes
Produces sex hormones
Anchors uterus to pelvic cavity
Contains ovarian follicles
Oocytes only live for 24 hours, so if no sperm is present at ovulation, no zygote develops and the oocyte dies.
True
False
Label the part of the female reproductive system shown in the diagram:
Ovary, uterus, fimbriae, suspensory ligament, etc.
Testis, vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicle
Pancreas, liver, gallbladder, duodenum
Heart, lungs, trachea, diaphragm
Which stage is characterized by the presence of the antrum?
Stage 1
Stage 4-5
Stage 6
Stage 9
Oogenesis and Fertilization: Theca cells synthesize androgens, which diffuse to granulosa cells. Granulosa cells convert androgens to _________?
estrogen
progesterone
testosterone
cortisol
Match the following ovarian follicle stages with their corresponding histology images:
primordial follicle
primordial follicles
primary follicle
primary follicles
secondary follicle
secondary follicles
corpus albicans
corpus albicans
Which of the following is a function of the fimbriae of the uterine (fallopian) tubes?
Synthesize androgens
Sweep oocyte into uterine tubes
Convert androgens to estrogen
Receive sperm
The ampulla is the part of the uterine tube near the ovary.
True
False
Identify the labeled structures in the primordial follicle histology image: primary oocytes and _________?
granulosa cells
theca cells
corpus luteum
zona pellucida
In the secondary follicle histology image, which structure surrounds the primary oocyte?
corona radiata
zona pellucida
antrum
theca interna
What is the main function of the uterus?
To receive, retain, and provide nourishment for fertilized oocyte, where embryo resides and develops.
To produce hormones for the body.
To filter waste from the blood.
To regulate body temperature.
