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WorksheetsPharmacology Quiz
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
Receptor downregulation refers to
Increase in receptor number
Decrease in receptor number
Increased drug affinity
Decreased drug metabolism
Receptor upregulation occurs due to
Continuous agonist exposure
Prolonged antagonist use
Enzyme induction
Tachyphylaxis
Example of receptor downregulation is seen with
Propranolol use
Chronic β-agonist use
Naloxone therapy
Vitamin supplementation
Example of receptor upregulation is seen with
Continuous salbutamol use
Long-term β-blocker therapy
Acute nitrate use
Single dose morphine
Drug synergism means
Effect equal to sum
Effect less than sum
Effect greater than sum
No combined effect
Additive drug interaction results in
1+1=3
1+1>2
1+1=2
1+1<2
Potentiation is defined as
Two active drugs increasing effect
Inactive drug increasing active drug effect
Two drugs cancel each other
Reduced response
Competitive antagonism is characterized by
Reduced Emax
Parallel right shift
Irreversible binding
Non-surmountable effect
Non-competitive antagonism causes
Right shift only
Reduced Emax without shift
Increased potency
No effect
Physiological antagonism is seen between
Histamine & antihistamine
Adrenaline & acetylcholine
Propranolol & adrenaline
Morphine & naloxone
Chemical antagonism example is
Protamine & heparin
Atropine & acetylcholine
Naloxone & morphine
Phenoxybenzamine & NA
Tolerance is defined as
Decreased response on repeated use
Increased response on repeated use
Idiosyncrasy
Allergy
Tachyphylaxis refers to
Slow development of tolerance
Rapid loss of response
Enzyme induction
Drug dependence
Example of tachyphylaxis is
Morphine
Nitrates
Ephedrine
Digoxin
Drug tolerance is commonly due to
Receptor mutation
Enzyme induction
Allergy
Idiosyncrasy
Teratogenicity refers to
Drug causing infertility
Drug causing fetal malformation
Drug causing abortion
Drug toxicity in adults
Most sensitive period for teratogenicity is
Pre-implantation
First trimester
Third trimester
At birth
Thalidomide causes
Neural tube defects
Phocomelia
Cleft palate
Cardiac defects
Valproic acid is associated with
Cleft lip
Neural tube defects
Phocomelia
Microcephaly
ACE inhibitors in pregnancy cause
Ototoxicity
Renal dysgenesis
Phocomelia
Neural tube defects
