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1st Semester Biology Review

Total questions: 52

Worksheet time: 1hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

_______________ are the monomers of carbohydrates.

a)

Monosaccharides

b)

Polymers

c)

Complex sugars

d)

Fructose

2.

The monomer of proteins is...

a)

Polymers

b)

Monosaccharides

c)

Fatty Acids

d)

Amino Acids

3.

What is the main function of the cell membrane in animal cells?

a)

Store energy for the cell

b)

Produce hormones for the body

c)

Regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell, and provide structural support and protection

d)

Help the cell move and travel

4.

Identify the structure that is labeled "C" in the image.

(Hint: An organelle that captures energy from the sunlight in order to use it to produce food in plant cells)

a)

central vacuole

b)

nucleus

c)

chloroplast

d)

mitochondria

e)

cell membrane

5.

What is the optimal pH for this enzyme?

a)

6

b)

10

c)

9

d)

7

6.

Enzymes are _______________ that _____________________ chemical reactions by ____________ the amount of activation energy required to start the reaction.

a)

carbohydrates, slow down, lowering

b)

proteins, speed up, increasing

c)

lipids, speed up, lowering

d)

proteins, speed up, lowering

7.

Cell membranes are described as selectively permeable.

Four students were asked to explain what this means. Which one is correct?

a)

Student 1: Cell membranes prevent all materials from entering the cell.

b)

Student 2: Cell membranes only provide structural support for the cell.

c)

Student 3: Cell membranes regulate which substances can enter and exit the cell.

d)

Student 4: Cell membranes allow water and water-soluble substances to enter the cell.

8.

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is

a)

Diffusion

b)

Passive Transport

c)

Osmosis

d)

All of the above

9.
During osmosis
a)
water moves from high to low concentration
b)
large or oddly shaped molecules move across a cell membrane
c)
water moves when energy is used
d)
proteins are built
10.

This red blood cell swell and burst in a ....solution

a)

hypotonic

b)

isotonic

c)

elektronic

d)

hypertonic

11.
What is the relationship between the cell size and the cell nutrient absorption rate?
a)
The smaller the cell size the less nutrients are absorbed
b)
The larger the cell size the more nutrients are absorbed
c)
The smaller the cell size the more nutrients are absorbed
d)
The relationship between cell size and nutrient absorption rate cannot be determined
12.
Microvilli are tiny projections that extend off the cell to increase the Surface Area.  What purpose might that serve? 
a)
Increased absorption
b)
Better communication among cells
c)
Maintain homeostasis 
d)
Decreased oxygen use
13.
Which of the following results in the release of energy in terms of the ATP/ADP cycle?
a)
The breaking of the bond between the 5-carbon sugar and the 1st phosphate group
b)
The addition of a phosphate group
c)
The removal of a phosphate group
d)
The addition of glucose 
14.
Which cellular organelle is responsible for manufacturing ATP?
a)
Ribosome
b)
Nucleus
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Chloroplast
15.
Which structures shown in the Figure make up the ATP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
A, B and C
c)
A, B, C, and D
d)
C and D
16.

This is the equation is for? 6Co2 + 6H2O ----> C6 H12 O6 6O2

a)

photosynthesis

b)

cellular respiration

17.

What is the overall purpose of photosynthesis?

a)

To convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (energy) and oxygen.

b)

To convert moonlight, water, and oxygen into glucose (energy) and carbon dioxide.

c)

To convert sunlight, oxygen, and glucose into water and carbon dioxide.

d)

To convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into ATP and carbon dioxide.

18.

Cellular Respiration takes place in the

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Granules

d)

Nucleus

19.

The process of DNA replication is called semi-conservative because it creates what?

a)

none of these

b)

two DNA molecules, one with two original strands and one with two new strands

c)

two identical molecules, each with two new strands

d)

two identical molecules, each with one original strand and one new strand.

20.
X outlines a(n) ___________.
a)
amino acid
b)
nitrogen base 
c)
nucleotide
d)
nitrogen base pair
21.

The molecule pictured is a building block of _______.

a)

a lipid

b)
DNA
c)
a carbohydrate
d)
a protein
22.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
23.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

24.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
25.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
26.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
27.

What process is happening in the diagram?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

dna replication

d)

mitosis

28.

The main function of mRNA is to

a)

Copy DNA in the nucleus and carries the information to the ribosomes

b)

Bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

c)

String together complementary RNA and DNA strands

d)

Form a portion of ribosomes

29.
_______ is made during transcription and ________ is made during translation.
a)
mRNA / a protein
b)
a protein / mRNA
c)
Ribosome / Nucleus
d)
mRNA / tRNA
30.

What type of mutation is shown in the diagram?

a)

alteration

b)

deletion

c)

insertion

d)

rearrangement

31.

What type of gene mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-C-C-A-A

a)

Rearrangement

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Alteration

32.

The portion or segment of the DNA strand that codes for a particular protein is called a _____________________.

a)

gene

b)

chromosome

c)

codon

d)

anticodon

33.

Mutations that effect gametes and that will be passed on

to the next generation

a)

Genetic change

b)

Protein synthesis

c)

Apoptosis

d)

Cell membrane

34.

Failure of homologous chromosomes

to separate during meiosis.

Results in gametes with either one extra or one missing chromosome.

a)

Translocation

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Replication

d)

Transcription

35.

Which suspect left the blood stain?

a)

Bob

b)

Sue

c)

John

d)

Lisa

36.

A gene found in naturally occurring soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), contains a protein that kills certain insects. Scientists have genetically modified certain organisms such as corn, potatoes, and cotton by introducing the Bt gene into their DNA in order for these plants to have this desired trait. Which describes a benefit of this technology?

a)

Farmers can produce more nutritional crops.

b)

Farmers can use less insecticides on their crops.

c)

Farmers can reduce the amount of fertilizers they apply to the soil for their crops.

d)

Farmers can reduce the amount of land needed to grow their crops.

37.

What is the primary reason for using gene editing techniques to modify crops?

a)

To make the crops grow faster.

b)

To make the crops taste better.

c)

To make the crops resistant to pests and diseases.

d)

To change the color of the crops.

38.

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

a)

Mitosis results in four identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in two non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.

b)

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.

c)

Mitosis results in two non-identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four identical daughter cells with double the number of chromosomes.

d)

Mitosis results in four non-identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes.

39.

What is the significance of mitosis in somatic (body) cells?

a)

Mitosis results in the production of gametes for sexual reproduction.

b)

Mitosis is responsible for growth, repair, and general maintenance of the body.

c)

Mitosis increases the genetic diversity in the body cells.

d)

Mitosis has no role in body cells.

40.
The process on the left is:
The process on the right is:
a)
Left: meiosis
Right: meiosis
b)
Left: meiosis
Right: cloning
c)
Left: mitosis
Right: meiosis
d)
Left: mitosis
Right: mitosis
41.
Which cellular process is shown?
a)
meiosis
b)
endocytosis
c)
mitosis
d)
cellular respiration
42.
The diagram below shows homologous chromosome during phase 1 of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated? 
a)
Mutation in which DNA content of the genes is altered. 
b)
segregation of sister chromatids
c)
condensation and segregation of alleles
d)
crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
43.
Which of the following best describes cancer?
a)
absence of cyclins in the DNA
b)
Multiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA
c)
Uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle.
d)
Presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders. 
44.

What is a possible result of non-disjunction?

a)

Increased intelligence

b)

Cancer

c)

Cells break apart and are destroyed

d)

Genetic Disorders

45.
The stages of mitosis in order
a)
Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase
b)
Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
c)
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
d)
Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase
46.
When comparing the offspring of sexually and asexually reproducing organisms, we would expect the genetic material (DNA) of the sexually reproducing organism to -
a)
contain fewer mutations
b)
be lesser in quantity
c)
be simpler overall
d)
show more variation
47.

What are some advantages of asexual reproduction are: (select all that apply - there are 3)

a)

it only requires one organism

b)

it takes less energy than sexual reproduction

c)

offspring are already well-adapted for the environment

d)

there is a lot of genetic variety

48.

One gene for the type of earlobes a person will have will be in each gamete.

a)

Law of Dominance

b)

Law of Independent Assortment

c)

Law of Segregation

49.

What is a gamete? (Select all that apply)

a)

Haploid

b)

Diploid

c)

Egg cell

d)

Skin cell

e)

Sperm cell

50.
This is an example of
a)
Complete dominance
b)
Mendelian Genetics
c)
Codominance
d)
Incomplete Dominance
51.

Objective #13

This is a pedigree that follows blue eyes which is a recessive trait. What is the genotype of the mother (circle) in generation 1?

a)

Aa

b)

AA

c)

aa

d)

A?

52.
When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _________________ occurs
a)
crossing over
b)
mutagenesis
c)
hybridization
d)
fertilization