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History of Architecture IV

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Miguel López de Legazpi took possession of the Philippine Islands for Spain in:

a)

1565

b)

1573

c)

1583

d)

1645

2.

The Spaniards successfully occupied the remains of Manila in 1571 after it was abandoned by:

a)

Sultan Kudarat

b)

Rajah Sulayman

c)

Lapu-Lapu

d)

Andres Bonifacio

3.

Intramuros was described as a Spanish walled city taking shape within:

a)

Less than a mile in area

b)

Ten square miles

c)

Half of Luzon

d)

A full province-wide territory

4.

The hybrid construction invented after the 1583 fire and 1645 earthquake was:

a)

Spanish Mission Revival

b)

Art Deco

c)

Tropical regionalism

d)

Arquitectura Mestiza

5.

Arquitectura Mestiza used:

a)

Wood upper floor + stone lower floor

b)

Brick upper floor + steel lower floor

6.

The organizing program that forced scattered native settlements into compact towns was:

a)

City Beautiful

b)

Sanitary barrios

c)

Reducción

d)

Disneyfication

7.

The 1573 town-planning ordinance is also referred to as:

a)

Laws of the Indies

b)

Treaty of Paris

c)

Manifest Destiny

d)

Commonwealth Charter

8.

Under the Laws of the Indies, the town plan should establish a:

a)

Defensive citadel

b)

Main plaza / Plaza Mayor

c)

Industrial zone

d)

Hill station

9.

Which group of buildings was part of the Plaza Mayor complex?

a)

A. Church and convent

b)

B. Airport and seaport

c)

C. Cinema and sabungan

d)

D. Cemetery and hospital only

10.

Spanish colonial architecture was driven by the aesthetics of:

a)

Simplicity

b)

Monumentality

c)

Modernity

d)

Sustainability

11.

Many churches and institutional structures were built under the direction of:

a)

Film directors

b)

City mayors

c)

Maestro de obras (master builders), many priests

d)

Private developers only

12.

Builders who were largely Chinese were often employed under a contractual system called:

a)

Polo y servicio

b)

Pakyaw

c)

Reducción

d)

Sanitary barrios

13.

Polo y servicio generally compelled:

a)

Every able-bodied male to render labor service for public construction

b)

Merchants to pay tax in gold

c)

Architects to study abroad

d)

Farmers to build only churches

14.

Intramuros was the foremost Spanish:

a)

Marketplace

b)

University district

c)

Fortification

d)

Residential village

15.

The earliest churches were initially:

a)

Concrete buildings with glass curtain walls

b)

Light-material vernacular structures with high-pitched roofs

c)

Steel-framed buildings with domes

d)

Pure brick skyscrapers

16.

Later colonial churches were reinforced with buttresses primarily to:

a)

Improve acoustics

b)

Ensure strength during earthquakes

c)

Add ornament for horror vacui

d)

Support carports

17.

Colonial ornamentation tendency described as very dense is called:

a)

Horror vacui

b)

City Beautiful

c)

Ferroconcrete

d)

Folded plate

18.

The bell tower of Spanish churches is called the:

a)

Campanario/compañario

b)

Convento

c)

Camposanto

d)

Tribunal

19.

The campanario typically ranged from:

a)

1-2 storeys

b)

3-5 storeys

c)

8-12 storeys

d)

15-20 storeys

20.

The ground floor of church towers was often provided with a:

a)

Carriage house

b)

Market stall

c)

Baptistery

d)

Dormitory

21.

The parish house adjacent to the church is called the:

a)

Convento

b)

Casa real

c)

Aduana

d)

Colegio

22.

One function of the convento is:

a)

Airport control tower

b)

Lodging for visiting dignitaries

c)

Cinema projection room

d)

Naval shipyard

23.

The graveyard component of the church complex is the:

a)

A. Tribunal

b)

B. Camposanto

c)

C. Casa del Ayuntamiento

d)

D. Palacio Real

24.

The domestic prototype descended from Bahay Kubo and resembling Arquitectura Mestiza was:

a)

Chalet

b)

Bahay na Bato

c)

Torogan

d)

Lean-to

25.

A typical Bahay na Bato (as described) has:

a)

Stone/brick ground floor + hardwood upper floor

b)

All bamboo and thatch

c)

All reinforced concrete

d)

All glass and steel

26.

By the late 19th century, Manila's growth spilled into nearby suburbs called:

a)

Sanitary barrios

b)

Arrabales

c)

Citadels

d)

Parkways

27.

The accesoria grew due to:

a)

Film industry boom

b)

Migrant laborers needing cheap housing near commercial/industrial areas

c)

Oil crisis

d)

Mountain climate

28.

Civic architecture that epitomized Spanish administrative institutions included the:

a)

Palacio del Gobernador General and Aduana

b)

CCP Main Theater and PICC

c)

Eastwood City and Rockwell

d)

Torogan and Bahay Kubo

29.

Two school building types during the Spanish period were:

a)

Skyscraper and bungalow

b)

Colegio/universidad (urban) and escuela primaria (pueblos)

30.

The first hospital mentioned, built around 1564 by Franciscans, was:

a)

Philippine General Hospital

b)

Hospital Real de Manila

c)

Insane Hospital (San Lazaro)

d)

Manila Hotel

31.

European commercial houses were allowed to operate in Manila in:

a)

1645

b)

1809

c)

1908

d)

1935

32.

Expatriate businesses were launched on:

a)

Escolta and adjacent streets

b)

Intramuros only

c)

Baguio hill station

d)

Mountain Province terraces

33.

Early trading houses retrofitted the Bahay na Bato such that:

a)

Upper floor = factory; ground floor = chapel

b)

Ground floor = offices/shops; upper floor = residence

c)

Both floors = stable for horses

d)

Both floors = warehouses only

34.

Cockfighting arenas built due to regulation of the game were called:

a)

Coliseum

b)

Sabungan

c)

Plaza de toros

d)

Arena de gallos

35.

Under General Arthur MacArthur, public works concerns were placed under the:

a)

Religious orders

b)

United States Army Corps of Engineers

c)

Spanish Crown

d)

National Housing Authority

36.

Two agencies created to oversee colonial infrastructure included the Bureau of:

a)

A. Architecture & Construction of Public Buildings, and Engineering & Construction of Public Works

b)

B. Tourism & Immigration, and Agriculture & Fisheries

c)

C. Transport & Aviation, and Parks & Wildlife

d)

D. Film & Theater, and Trade & Industry

37.

The hybrid house produced by American sanitation reforms was called:

a)

Bahay na Bato

b)

Chalet

c)

Torogan

d)

Accesoria

38.

The communal architecture created to stop washing/bathing in esteros combined:

a)

School + chapel + courtyard

b)

Toilet + bath + laundry

c)

Shop + office + residence

d)

Theater + sabungan + plaza

39.

The Americans introduced the neighborhood concept called sanitary barrios in:

a)

1898

b)

1908

c)

1934

d)

1946

40.

The insular architect (chief of bureau) who designed pseudo-Spanish buildings was:

a)

Daniel Burnham

b)

Edgar K. Bourne

c)

William Parsons

d)

Juan Arellano

41.

Buildings showing Spanish Mission Revival / pseudo-Spanish imagery included:

a)

A. Government Laboratory and Manila Municipal Building

b)

B. FEU Main Building and Lopez House

c)

C. Coconut Palace and Batasang Pambansa

d)

D. Picache Building and Insular Life Building

42.

The American architect known as father of the City Beautiful movement was:

a)

Leandro Locsin

b)

Daniel H. Burnham

c)

Francisco Mañosa

d)

Andres Luna de San Pedro

43.

Which is a hallmark of City Beautiful?

a)

Axial and radial boulevards

b)

Rat guards and stilts

44.

Burnham endorsed _____ as consulting architect for implementation:

a)

Juan Arellano

b)

William Parsons

c)

Carlos Arguelles

d)

Antonio Toledo

45.

Parsons' works mentioned include all EXCEPT:

a)

Normal School

b)

Philippine General Hospital

c)

Manila Hotel

d)

Far Eastern University Main Building

46.

After designing the Insane Hospital in San Lazaro, Parsons promoted _____ as standard:

a)

Adobe

b)

Ferroconcrete (reinforced concrete)

c)

Bamboo

d)

Coral stone

47.

Filipino architects given scholarships under the pensionado system included:

a)

Carlos A. Barretto, Antonio Toledo, Tomas Mapua, Juan Arellano

b)

Cesar Concio, Angel Nakpil, Alfredo Luz, Carlos Arguelles

c)

Leandro Locsin, Francisco Mañosa, Imelda Marcos, Ferdinand Marcos

d)

Rajah Sulayman, Legazpi, Burnham, Parsons

48.

Together with the pensionados, the first generation also included maestro de obras:

a)

A. Arcadio Arellano and Thomas Arguelles

b)

B. Andres Luna de San Pedro and Carlos Arguelles

c)

C. Daniel Burnham and Arthur MacArthur

d)

D. Leandro Locsin and Angel Nakpil

49.

In the late 1920s-1930s, neoclassicism was challenged by the art deco movement led by:

a)

Andres Luna de San Pedro

b)

William Parsons

c)

Edgar K. Bourne

d)

Tomas Mapua

50.

Works attributed to Andres Luna de San Pedro include:

a)

Bel Air/Alhambra Apartments and FEU Main Building

b)

CCP Main Theater and PICC

c)

Government Laboratory and Customs House

d)

Manila Hotel and PGH

51.

Which condition MOST directly led to the invention of Arquitectura Mestiza?

a)

A. American sanitation ordinances

b)

B. Repeated fires and earthquakes in Manila

c)

C. Shortage of stone materials

d)

D. Introduction of reinforced concrete

52.

Arquitectura Mestiza is BEST described as a construction system that:

a)

Fully abandoned wood in favor of stone

b)

Used stone only for defensive buildings

c)

Combined stone and wood for earthquake resistance

d)

Used only reinforced concrete

53.

The primary intent of the Spanish policy of Reducción was to:

a)

Promote indigenous autonomy

b)

Improve earthquake resistance

c)

Facilitate control of native populations

d)

Encourage trade decentralization

54.

According to the Laws of the Indies, which building should dominate the town center?

a)

Market

b)

Military barracks

c)

Residential quarters

d)

Church complex

55.

Which was NOT listed as part of the Plaza Mayor complex?

a)

Casa Real (town hall)

b)

Tribunal

c)

Fortress citadel

d)

Church and convent

56.

Spanish colonial architecture emphasized monumentality mainly to:

a)

Display military superiority

b)

Reduce construction cost

c)

Express colonial authority and permanence

d)

Imitate indigenous traditions

57.

Churches built under maestro de obras differed from European models because:

a)

They strictly followed Romanesque rules

b)

Ornamentation was interpreted freely by local artisans

c)

They avoided decorative elements

d)

They rejected indigenous motifs entirely

58.

The use of horror vacui in Philippine colonial churches resulted from:

a)

Islamic artistic influence

b)

Overuse of concrete

c)

Local reinterpretation of European ornament

d)

American planning ideals

59.

Which statement about the campanario is CORRECT?

a)

It was always detached from the church

b)

It usually ranged from three to five storeys

c)

It served only as a lookout tower

d)

It housed the convento

60.

The baptistery was commonly located:

a)

Inside the convento

b)

Beneath the main altar

c)

At the ground floor of the bell tower

d)

In the camposanto

61.

The convento functioned as all of the following EXCEPT:

a)

Lodging for visiting dignitaries

b)

Storage for food and armaments

c)

Parish administrative offices

d)

Public marketplace

62.

The Bahay na Bato differed from Bahay Kubo primarily in its:

a)

Elevated wooden posts

b)

Use of stone in the lower storey

c)

Open plan and ventilation

d)

Absence of tiled roofing

63.

Urban sprawl beyond Intramuros in the late 19th century led to:

a)

Reduction of city population

b)

Creation of fortified suburbs

c)

Growth of arrabales

d)

Abandonment of stone houses

64.

The accesoria emerged mainly as a response to:

a)

Religious expansion

b)

Earthquake reconstruction

c)

Industrialization and migrant labor

d)

American housing policies

65.

Which civic building symbolized Spanish administrative power?

a)

Coconut Palace

b)

Palacio del Gobernador-General

c)

Philippine General Hospital

d)

FEU Main Building

66.

The American colonial government centralized public works under the:

a)

Bureau of Architecture alone

b)

Bureau of Education

c)

United States Army Corps of Engineers

67.

The primary goal of American urban planning in Manila was to:

a)

Preserve Spanish urban form

b)

Create a defensive city

c)

Build an orderly, healthy, and beautiful tropical city

d)

Promote rural settlement

68.

The chalet house was a result of:

a)

Earthquake engineering experiments

b)

Colonial sanitation reforms

c)

Revival of Bahay na Bato

d)

Art Deco influence

69.

Which feature was introduced to stop unsanitary practices in esteros?

a)

Sanitary plazas

b)

Communal toilet-bath-laundry structures

c)

Elevated stilt houses

d)

Reinforced concrete canals

70.

Sanitary barrios introduced in 1908 emphasized:

a)

Organic village growth

b)

Highly regulated subdivided lots

c)

Monumental civic centers

d)

High-rise development

71.

Pseudo-Spanish imagery during the American period was promoted by:

a)

William Parsons

b)

Edgar K. Bourne

72.

Which building type BEST reflects Spanish Mission Revival style?

a)

Manila Hotel

b)

FEU Main Building

c)

Government Laboratory

d)

Insular Life Building

73.

Daniel Burnham's City Beautiful principles emphasized all EXCEPT:

a)

A. Grand vistas

b)

B. Axial and radial boulevards

c)

C. Green parkways

d)

D. Dense informal settlements

74.

William Parsons' most significant contribution was:

a)

Revival of Bahay Kubo

b)

Introduction of Art Deco

c)

Standardization of reinforced concrete

d)

Postmodern ornamentation

75.

Which structure marked the first reinforced concrete government building?

a)

Manila City Hall

b)

Insane Hospital, San Lazaro

c)

Philippine General Hospital

d)

Manila Hotel

76.

The pensionado system primarily aimed to:

a)

Train foreign architects

b)

Provide free housing

c)

Educate Filipino architects abroad

77.

Neoclassicism was challenged in the 1920s-30s by:

a)

Modernism

b)

Neo-vernacular

c)

Art Deco

d)

Postmodernism

78.

Andres Luna de San Pedro is MOST closely associated with:

a)

Spanish Mission Revival

b)

Neoclassical capitols

c)

Art Deco apartment and school buildings

d)

Tropical regionalism

79.

The popularity of Art Deco coincided with:

a)

Spread of industrial factories

b)

Decline of entertainment spaces

c)

Cinema-going as a national pastime

d)

Housing shortages after WWII

80.

All of the following were explicitly mentioned as responsibilities or outcomes of William Parsons' role as consulting architect, EXCEPT:

a)

Designing neoclassical public buildings across provincial capitals

b)

Promoting reinforced concrete as the standard government construction material

c)

Implementing Burnham's City Beautiful plans for Manila and Baguio

d)

Leading the Art Deco movement through cinema palace architecture

81.

The Far Eastern University (FEU) Main Building is attributed to:

a)

Andres Luna de San Pedro

b)

Juan Arellano

c)

William Parsons

d)

Tomas Mapua

82.

Which architect became influential mainly through state-sponsored monumental cultural buildings rather than private commissions?

a)

Andres Luna de San Pedro

b)

Juan Arellano

c)

Leandro V. Locsin

d)

Tomas Mapua

83.

The monumental buildings at the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex reinterpret vernacular forms primarily through:

a)

Literal use of bamboo and nipa

b)

Classical ornament and columns

c)

Abstract massing and cantilevered forms

d)

Art Deco geometry

84.

Which architect's work was closely aligned with the cultural agenda of the Marcos regime?

a)

William Parsons

b)

Leandro V. Locsin

c)

Andres Luna de San Pedro

d)

Edgar K. Bourne

85.

The Batasang Pambansa and Baguio Convention Center reused which architectural strategy first seen in:

a)

Andres Luna de San Pedro

b)

Juan Arellano

c)

Romantic nationalist roof symbolism

d)

Tomas Mapua

86.

Which architect deliberately rejected abstraction and instead favored a direct, imitative use of vernacular imagery?

a)

Cesar Concio

b)

Angel Nakpil

c)

Francisco Mañosa

d)

Carlos Arguelles

87.

The Tahanang Filipino (Coconut Palace) is significant because it:

a)

Revived Art Deco as a national style

b)

Represented neoclassical monumentality

c)

Marked a firm advocacy for climate-responsive vernacular architecture

d)

Introduced skyscraper housing

88.

Which description BEST fits Francisco Mañosa's architectural stance?

a)

Postmodern historicism

b)

International Style minimalism

c)

Neo-vernacular rooted in Filipino tradition

d)

Spanish Mission Revival

89.

Which architect belonged to the third generation that promoted "form follows function" after WWII?

a)

Tomas Mapua

b)

Juan Arellano

c)

Francisco Mañosa

d)

Carlos Arguelles

90.

The post-war modernist architects valued simplicity mainly as an expression of:

a)

Colonial authority

b)

Decorative restraint

c)

Honesty in materials, structure, and form

d)

National symbolism

91.

Which architect was involved in modular planning of residential units in post-war housing developments?

a)

Angel Nakpil

b)

Carlos Arguelles

c)

Cesar Concio

d)

Alfredo Luz

92.

The Film Life Homes residential units are associated with:

a)

Government-designed standardized housing only

b)

Private elite commissions

c)

Modular planning systems for middle-income housing

d)

Art Deco apartment blocks

93.

Which architect's work reflected the Space Age optimism of the 1950s, with strong horizontal lines and dynamic forms?

a)

Andres Luna de San Pedro

b)

William Parsons

c)

Angel Nakpil

d)

Francisco Mañosa

94.

Innovations such as thin concrete shells and folded plates were enabled primarily by:

a)

Revival of vernacular methods

b)

Spanish masonry traditions

c)

Advances in engineering and materials

d)

Postmodern ornament

95.

Which architect from the pioneer generation later explored styles beyond neoclassicism, including Art Nouveau and revivalist forms?

a)

A. Juan Nakpil

b)

B. Francisco Mañosa

c)

C. Cesar Concio

d)

D. Leandro Locsin

96.

The decline of modernism in the Philippines was partly due to the perception that modern buildings:

a)

Were too expensive to maintain

b)

Ignored structural safety

c)

Lacked character and emotional appeal

d)

Copied Spanish styles too closely

97.

Which architectural movement reintroduced ornament as a reaction to modernism's austerity?

a)

Tropical regionalism

b)

Neo-vernacular

c)

Postmodernism

d)

International Style

98.

The phrase "less is a bore" is associated with:

a)

Modernism

b)

Art Deco

c)

International Style

d)

Postmodernism

99.

Which National Artist is BEST known for integrating modernist principles with tropical sensitivity while avoiding literal vernacular imitation?

a)

Francisco Mañosa

b)

Jose Ma. Zaragoza

c)

Leandro V. Locsin

d)

Pablo Antonio

100.

The architect who believed that architecture should be "of its time" and strongly rejected historical revivalism was:

a)

Juan Arellano

b)

Pablo Antonio

c)

Leandro V. Locsin

d)

Ildefonso Santos

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