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Study Guide Geece/Rome/Middle Ages/Renaissance/Reformation 2025

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The Renaissance was a time of both ___ and ___.

a)

Faith and Fear

b)

Peace and Prosperity

c)

War and Famine

d)

Blood and Beauty

2.

Identify all characteristics of Renaissance art.

a)

Religion

b)

Classical Influence

c)

Individualism

d)

Perspective

3.

Why did the Renaissance begin in Florence, Italy?

a)

Because it was far away from the influence of the Church

b)

Because it had the largest army in Europe

c)

Because it was the capital of the Roman Empire

d)

Because it was a wealthy city due to trade and banking

4.

What were those who bought commissions and paid for art to be created called?

a)

Clients

b)

Sponsors

c)

Patrons

d)

Collectors

5.

What does it mean to be skeptical?

a)

To avoid asking questions or forming opinions

b)

To question ideas and seek evidence before believing something

c)

To accept all information without doubt

d)

To completely reject all ideas as false

6.

Prior to the Renaissance and during the Middle Ages, who or what dominated the way art was made?

a)

Merchants and Traders

b)

Local Guilds

c)

Kings and Queens of Europe

d)

The Catholic Church

7.

Why did Florence choose David as its symbol?

a)

To celebrate a recent victory over Rome

b)

To honor King David as their patron saint

c)

Because David was a popular figure across all of Europe

d)

To project strength as a small underdog among rivals

8.

What is the papacy?

a)

The office held by the Pope

b)

A collection of papal writings

c)

The council of bishops in the Church

d)

The building where the Pope lives

9.

In Leonardo da Vinci’s painting The Last Supper, what does Jesus say?

a)

Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth

b)

One of you shall betray me

c)

This is my body, given for you

d)

Go and make disciples of all nations

10.

Who was the most powerful patron in early Renaissance Florence?

a)

Cosimo de’ Medici

b)

Lorenzo de’ Medici

c)

Leonardo da Vinci

d)

Pope Julius II

11.

What is the Vatican?

a)

The name of the Pope’s advisors

b)

The headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church

c)

The largest cathedral in Europe

d)

A holy relic kept in Rome

12.

What is a political and moral vacuum?

a)

A time when government is very strong and strict

b)

A type of government where power is shared equally

c)

A period of peace with clear moral rules

d)

A situation that lacks political leadership and morality

13.

What is it called when you pay an artist to create a work of art?

a)

Auction

b)

Commission

c)

Donation

d)

Subscription

14.

What family ruled Florence, Italy at the beginning of the Renaissance and were major patrons of the arts?

a)

Medici

b)

Tudor

c)

Borgia

d)

Sforza

15.

What purge sought to eliminate anti-Christian art during the Renaissance?

a)

Iconoclasm of Byzantium

b)

Spanish Inquisition

c)

Council of Trent

d)

Bonfire of the Vanities

16.

What artistic technique gives the illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface?

a)

Chiaroscuro

b)

Foreshortening

c)

Perspective

d)

Fresco

17.

Who wrote The Prince?

a)

Baldassare Castiglione

b)

Francesco Petrarch

c)

Dante Alighieri

d)

Niccolò Machiavelli

18.

What is The Prince about?

a)

How to get and maintain power

b)

How to write poetry and sonnets

c)

How to paint and sculpt like the masters

d)

How to live a moral and virtuous life

19.

What is an indulgence?

a)

A payment for reducing time in purgatory

b)

A special fast required by the Church

c)

A permission to ignore a moral law

d)

A vow to become a monk

20.

What were additional new values during the Renaissance?

a)

Classicalism

b)

Skepticism

c)

Well-Roundedness

d)

Cynicism

21.

What is humanism?

a)

An emphasis on human potential rather than the divine

b)

The view that humans are inherently sinful and powerless

c)

The idea that society should be ruled strictly by the Church

d)

The belief that technological progress is the most important goal

22.

What are clergy?

a)

People who have left the Church

b)

Officials in the Church

c)

Traveling merchants and traders

d)

Ordinary members of the congregation

23.

What does it mean to be a “Renaissance man”?

a)

A person who specializes in just one subject

b)

A person who is an expert in many fields

c)

A man who lived in Italy during the 1400s

d)

Someone who only studies religion

24.

What biblical tale does Michelangelo’s sculpture The David depict?

a)

David and Goliath

b)

The Creation of Adam

c)

The Last Supper

d)

Hercules and the Hydra

25.

What country did the city-states of Italy have tension with during the Renaissance?

a)

England

b)

France

c)

Spain

d)

The Ottoman Empire

26.

The Renaissance was a period where people began to question the Church and began living for the here and now.

a)

True

b)

False

27.

Where did the Renaissance begin?

a)

Athens, Greece

b)

Florence, Italy

c)

Rome, Italy

d)

Paris, France

28.

What does secular mean?

a)

Focused only on religious teachings

b)

Dedicated to worship and prayer

c)

Concerned with worldly matters rather than religious ones

d)

Believing in many gods and spiritual forces

29.

Who created tapestries to adorn the walls of the Sistine Chapel?

a)

Michelangelo

b)

Leonardo da Vinci

c)

Donatello

d)

Raphael

30.

What is a fresco?

a)

A painting made on freshly applied plaster

b)

A painting done on canvas with oil paints

c)

A sculpture carved from marble

d)

A decorative floor made of mosaic tiles

31.

Renaissance is a French word that translates to...

a)

Rebirth

b)

Rebuilding

c)

Revolution

d)

Renewal

32.

What was art often used as during the Renaissance?

a)

Propaganda

b)

Decoration with no deeper meaning

c)

Scientific diagrams

d)

Personal diaries

33.

Who sparked the Protestant Reformation by exposing corruption in the Catholic Church?

a)

Erasmus

b)

John Calvin

c)

Martin Luther

d)

Henry VIII

34.

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

a)

The Classical Era of Ancient Greece and Rome

b)

The Middle Ages and Feudal Traditions

c)

The Industrial Revolution and Machine Age

d)

The Age of Exploration and Colonization

35.

Democracy was born in what Greek City-State?

a)

Peloponnesia

b)

Macedonia

c)

Athens

d)

Sparta

36.

The achievements of Ancient Greece and Rome occurred during what period?

a)

The Classical Period

b)

The Renaissance

c)

Medieval Period

d)

The Scientific Revolution

37.

What is an empire?

a)

An intergalactic federation

b)

A group made up of a powerful country and its colonies

c)

A country ruled by another

d)

A territory with its own sovereignty

38.

Rome's engineering achievements include...

a)

Roads

b)

Salad

c)

Communism

d)

Aqueducts

39.

What led to the decline of the Roman empire?

a)

Class conflict

b)

Political corruption

c)

Economic crisis

d)

Invasion/Military threats

40.

What are the achievements of ancient Greece?

a)

Art/Architecture

b)

Heros

c)

Democracy

d)

Philosophy

41.

True or false: The modern English language has thousands of words with Greek roots.

a)

True

b)

False

42.

What were areas in Ancient Greece known as?

a)

City-States

b)

Municipalities

c)

Regions

d)

Polos

43.

What ancient civilization imitated the Greeks?

a)

Egypt

b)

Macedonia

c)

Spain

d)

Rome

44.

In what area(s) of Western culture has Ancient Rome and Greece had a lasting impact?

a)

Government

b)

Law

c)

Architecture

d)

Language

45.

What religion spread throughout much of Europe during the Roman Empire?

a)

Hindu

b)

Christianity

c)

Islam

d)

Judaism

46.

Put these events in the correct chronological order (oldest at the top).

a)

The Fall of Rome → The Middle Ages → The Renaissance

b)

The Middle Ages → The Fall of Rome → The Renaissance

c)

The Fall of Rome → The Renaissance → The Middle Ages

d)

The Renaissance → The Middle Ages → The Fall of Rome

47.

What events/inventions occurred during the Middle Ages?

a)

The Crusades

b)

Beginning of Islam

c)

Viking Invasions

d)

The Plague

e)

Glasses/Windmills/Crossbow/Compass/Printing Press

48.

Where were the Middle Ages darkest?

a)

The New World

b)

The East (China/India/the Middle East)

c)

The West (Europe)

d)

Canada

49.

The Middle Ages is also known as...

a)

Medieval Times

b)

The Era Central

c)

The Dragon Days

d)

The Dark Ages

50.

What sickness spread through Europe during the Middle Ages.

a)

The White Death

b)

The Black Plague

c)

Coronavirus

d)

The Spanish Flu

51.

The Middle Ages came to a close with this rebirth of the classic cultures of Greece and Rome.

a)

The Reformation

b)

The Renaissance

c)

The Scientific Revolution

d)

The Enlightenment

52.

This was a series of religious wars fought during the Middle Ages.

a)

The English Civil War

b)

The Wars of the Roses

c)

The 100 Years Wars

d)

The Crusades

53.

What Greek city-state was known for its military prowess?

a)

Sparta

b)

Rome

c)

Athens

d)

Venice

54.

Ancient Greece was born on the shores of the________________sea.

a)

Black

b)

Red

c)

Aegean

d)

Roman

55.

The Greek empire spread between ________ and ________. Select two options.

a)

Spain

b)

Britain

c)

China

d)

India

56.

What did Greek heroes inspire the creation of?

a)

The Olympics

b)

Soccer

c)

Track and field

d)

Modern militaries

57.

Greek and Roman culture left a considerable mark on __________.

a)

The Eastern World

b)

Asian culture

c)

The Western World

d)

Russian military strategy

58.

Where is Rome today?

a)

Spain

b)

Italy

c)

France

d)

China

59.

Military conquests would later help Rome conquer lands reaching from _______ to ________. Select two options.

a)

Britain

b)

Brazil

c)

Iraq

d)

The Congo

60.

Rome's success was partially because they included the cultures they conquered.

a)

True

b)

False

61.

Which German monk sparked the Reformation?

a)

Martin Luther King Jr

b)

John Calvin

c)

Erasmus of Rotterdam

d)

Martin Luther

62.

What did Luther post in 1517?

a)

The Peace of Augsburg

b)

The Council of Trent Decrees

c)

The 95 Theses

d)

The Book of Common Prayer

63.

What did Luther’s 95 Theses primarily criticize?

a)

Papal elections

b)

Sale of indulgences/Corruption of the Catholic Church

c)

The banning of books

d)

Use of Latin in Mass

64.

What were indulgences supposed to do?

a)

Provide free sacraments

b)

Absolve people of their sins

c)

Replace reading the Bible

d)

Guarantee sainthood

65.

Why did Luther resonate with people in his time?

a)

Nobles had no interest in politics

b)

His writings were the first ever printed

c)

Renaissance culture already valued challenging power

d)

The pope encouraged reform openly

66.

Which Renaissance value shaped Luther's teaching of faith alone?

a)

Classical architecture

b)

Individualism

c)

Skepticism

d)

Secularism

67.

How did Protestants and Catholics differ on how the Bible should be interpreted?

a)

Only the pope could grant forgiveness

b)

Catholics relied on the clergy/Protestants interpreted it for themselves

c)

Salvation required indulgences and relics

d)

Good works alone guaranteed heaven

68.

How did Renaissance skepticism influence reformers?

a)

They rejected Greek learning entirely

b)

They asked if indulgences or papal power were in the Bible

c)

They stopped supporting schools and literacy

d)

They refused to study classical languages

69.

What does ad fontes literally mean?

a)

Back to the sources

b)

Scripture and tradition

c)

To the future

d)

Faith and works

70.

In Catholicism, salvation required...

a)

Predestination before birth

b)

Faith only

c)

Faith plus good works

d)

Reading the Bible in vernacular

71.

What was Luther’s (Protestant) teaching on salvation?

a)

Faith alone (sola fide) was required for salvation

b)

Pope’s blessing and sacraments

c)

Works plus indulgences

d)

Daily pilgrimages and prayers

72.

This German war pitted the Protestant north against the Catholic south.

a)

The 20 Years War

b)

The 30 Years War

c)

The 40 Years War

d)

The 50 Years War

73.

Protestants got their name because they...

a)

Protested the 95 theses

b)

Purified the Lutheran church

c)

Protested the corruption and wealth of the Catholic Church

d)

Defended those who protested oppressive governments

74.

Why did Protestants want Bibles in the vernacular?

a)

To make priests’ jobs easier

b)

To shorten Catholic sermons

c)

So individuals could read scripture themselves

d)

To honor ancient Rome

75.

Which reformer is known for predestination?

a)

Henry VIII

b)

John Calvin

c)

Leonardo da Vinci

d)

Martin Luther

76.

What was Calvin’s predestination doctrine?

a)

Everyone must complete good works

b)

God had already determined who would be saved before birth

c)

Predestination applied only to clergy

d)

Salvation could be purchased with indulgences

77.

What Protestant theme is symbolized by the Sistine Chapel ceiling?

a)

Papal authority above all

b)

Predestination decided by priests

c)

Importance of indulgences

d)

Direct connection between God and humans

78.

What social change came from everyday people being able to read the Bible?

a)

Higher literacy rates

b)

Decline in schools

c)

Decrease in public debate

d)

End of classical studies

79.

True or false The Reformation was both a political and religious movement.

a)

True

b)

False

80.

What is the term for writing in the local language as opposed to Latin or Greek?

a)

Writing in the Vernacular

b)

Literarian

c)

Writing in tongue

d)

Dialect

81.

What big idea connects the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution?

a)

Return to medieval feudal traditions

b)

The power of the individual to challenge authority

c)

Faith only through indulgence sales

d)

Total obedience to religious leaders

82.

True or false The Protestant Reformation led to a significant split within the Christian faith.

a)

True

b)

False

83.

What are the definitions of "revolution"?

a)

A violent revolt against the government

b)

Moving in a circular path

c)

A radical change in the way people live, work, and think

d)

A peaceful transition of power

84.

The Scientific Revolution was a shift from...

a)

Science to church to explain the natural world

b)

Science to Enlightenment to explain the natural world

c)

From the Church/ancients to science to explain the natural world

d)

Absolutism to revolution to explain the natural world

85.

What does heliocentric mean?

a)

The sun is the center of the solar system

b)

The Earth is the center of the solar system

c)

That helium is a fundamental element

d)

That helix is related to the Felix

86.

Which scientist used the telescope to provide evidence for the heliocentric model?

a)

Kepler

b)

Newton

c)

Copernicus

d)

Galileo

87.

What method was promoted by Francis Bacon?

a)

Geocentric astronomy

b)

Predestination

c)

Scientific method

d)

Divine right of kings

88.

Who discovered the circulation of blood in the human body?

a)

Andreas Vesalius

b)

Galen

c)

William Harvey

d)

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

89.

What did Johannes Kepler contribute to astronomy?

a)

Invented the telescope

b)

Discovered elliptical orbits

c)

Designed the geocentric model

d)

Proved universal gravity

90.

Which thinker is known for the quote, 'I think, therefore I am'?

a)

Martin Luther

b)

Isaac Newton

c)

Francis Bacon

d)

René Descartes