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WorksheetsFinal Test Study Guide Semester
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 30mins
Industrialization in America was possible in the late 1800's because:
the availability of natural resources and new technologies
the lack of transportation networks
the absence of a labor force
the restriction of trade and investment
A monopoly is: Give one example of a monopoly that we discussed.
A market structure with a single seller; Example: Microsoft in PC operating systems
A market with many sellers; Example: Apple in smartphones
A market with no sellers; Example: Google in search engines
A market with two sellers; Example: Coca-Cola and Pepsi
A 'trust' is: Why were trusts viewed as dangerous by the federal government?
A large business combination that could stifle competition and manipulate markets, leading to government concern.
A government agency that regulated trade fairly, which was seen as dangerous for private businesses.
A small partnership between local businesses to improve community welfare, which worried the government.
A charitable organization that provided public services, which was considered a threat by the government.
Supply and demand refers to:
The relationship between the availability of goods and the desire for them.
The process of manufacturing goods in a factory.
The method of distributing goods to stores.
The way companies advertise their products.
The Populist Party was a political group in the United States. Which of the following was one goal of the Populist Party?
To increase the power of farmers and laborers
To support big business monopolies
To reduce government involvement in the economy
To promote aristocratic rule
The working conditions during the Second Industrial Revolution were characterized by which of the following?
Long hours, low wages, and unsafe environments for workers
Short working hours and high wages for all workers
Excellent safety standards and worker benefits
Flexible schedules and paid vacations for most workers
A muckraker is:
A journalist who exposes corruption and social issues, such as Upton Sinclair who wrote about the meatpacking industry.
A politician who creates new laws to improve society.
A scientist who studies environmental pollution.
A novelist who writes fictional stories about historical events.
Laissez-faire capitalism refers to:
A system where the government does not interfere in the economy.
A system where the government controls all businesses.
A system where only monopolies exist.
A system with strict government regulations on trade.
A corporation is a type of organization. Why did many companies move to this type of organization?
Because it allows for limited liability and easier access to capital.
Because it requires fewer legal regulations than other types.
Because it guarantees higher profits for all owners.
Because it eliminates the need for management.
Between 1860 and 1920, the American population shifted in which way?
From rural areas to urban areas
From urban areas to rural areas
From the West to the East
From the North to the South
Collective bargaining is a process used by workers to negotiate with employers. What was its goal and why was it used?
Its goal was to improve working conditions and wages, and it was used to give workers a stronger voice.
Its goal was to increase company profits, and it was used to help employers control workers.
Its goal was to reduce the number of workers, and it was used to automate jobs.
Its goal was to eliminate labor unions, and it was used to prevent strikes.
Vertical integration is a business model. Who came up with this model?
Andrew Carnegie
Henry Ford
John D. Rockefeller
Elon Musk
What is horizontal integration? Who came up with this business model?
Horizontal integration is the acquisition of companies in the same industry; the business model was popularized by John D. Rockefeller.
Horizontal integration is the merging of companies from different industries; the business model was introduced by Andrew Carnegie.
Horizontal integration is the diversification into unrelated businesses; the business model was developed by Henry Ford.
Horizontal integration is the outsourcing of production to other countries; the business model was created by Steve Jobs.
Social Darwinism is:
the application of Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies
a belief in the equality of all species
the idea that humans should not interfere with nature
a movement supporting animal rights
How did immigration to the United States change between 1854 and 1907?
Immigration to the United States increased significantly between 1854 and 1907.
Immigration to the United States remained the same between 1854 and 1907.
Immigration to the United States decreased between 1854 and 1907.
Immigration to the United States stopped completely between 1854 and 1907.
A new immigrant is someone who has recently moved to a new country, while an old immigrant is someone who has lived in the country for a long time.
A new immigrant is someone who has recently moved to a new country, while an old immigrant is someone who has lived in the country for a long time.
A new immigrant is someone who was born in the country, while an old immigrant is someone who just arrived.
A new immigrant is someone who has never traveled, while an old immigrant is someone who travels often.
A new immigrant is someone who is older in age, while an old immigrant is younger.
A tenement is a type of building. Where were most of the tenements located?
In rural areas
In city slums
In suburban neighborhoods
In industrial parks
The government attempted to regulate immigration in America by:
passing laws such as the Immigration Act and establishing quotas
encouraging unrestricted immigration from all countries
eliminating all border controls
granting automatic citizenship to all immigrants
A nativist is someone who believes in what? Which of the following is an example of nativism?
Favoring native-born citizens over immigrants; the Chinese Exclusion Act
Supporting equal rights for all immigrants; the Civil Rights Act
Encouraging open immigration; the Immigration and Nationality Act
Promoting multiculturalism; the Voting Rights Act
Child labor refers to the employment of children in work that deprives them of their childhood. Why was child labor common?
Because families needed extra income and there were few laws protecting children.
Because children were more educated than adults.
Because children preferred working over going to school.
Because child labor was safer than adult labor.
The Gilded Age refers to which period in American history, and what are the origins of this term?
A period of rapid economic growth in the late 19th century; the term was coined by Mark Twain to describe the era's glittering surface and underlying problems.
The era of the American Revolution; the term originated from Thomas Jefferson's writings.
The time of the Great Depression; the term was first used by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
A period of westward expansion; the term was created by pioneers to describe their journey.
A robber baron is:
a business leader who used unethical methods to gain wealth and power
a government official who enforced strict laws
an inventor who created new technologies
a worker who led labor strikes
Philanthropy refers to the act of promoting the welfare of others, often through generous donations. Which of the following individuals is known as a famous philanthropist?
Bill Gates
Albert Einstein
Isaac Newton
Charles Darwin
Who would most likely support open immigration laws into the U.S.?
A business owner seeking more workers
A politician advocating for stricter border control
A citizen concerned about national security
An organization opposing immigration
A political machine is:
an organization that controls political parties through patronage and the leadership of political bosses
a system for voting electronically in elections
a government agency that regulates campaign finance
a group of citizens who meet to discuss local issues
Initiative, referendum, and recall are laws passed with which goal?
To give citizens more direct control over government decisions
To increase the power of elected officials
To reduce voter participation in elections
To eliminate state governments
The progressive movement was a reform effort in the early 20th century. What were progressives hoping to accomplish?
They wanted to address social, political, and economic injustices through reforms.
They aimed to maintain traditional values and resist change.
They sought to expand colonial territories overseas.
They hoped to promote industrial monopolies and limit government intervention.
Because of Upton Sinclair’s writing of the Jungle, what did the federal government do as a remedy?
Passed the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act
Banned all meat products in the United States
Established the Environmental Protection Agency
Required all books to be reviewed by the government
Woman’s suffrage refers to the right of women to vote. Some states were hesitant to pass woman’s suffrage laws because:
They believed women should not participate in politics.
They wanted to increase voter turnout.
They thought women already had enough rights.
They feared men would lose voting rights.
The Pendleton Civil Service Act was created to stop which practice?
The spoils system
The income tax
Prohibition
Women's suffrage
The Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary are related to which aspect of U.S. foreign policy?
They established U.S. influence in Latin America and opposed European intervention.
They promoted European colonization in the Americas.
They encouraged isolationism from global affairs.
They supported alliances with European powers against Latin America.
The Open Door Policy was created by American politicians in hopes of gaining which of the following?
Equal trading rights in China for all nations
Territorial control over China
Exclusive trading rights for the United States in China
Military alliances with European powers
Imperialism is when a country extends its power and influence over other territories. Which three countries did the U.S. gain control of through imperialism?
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
Mexico, Canada, and Cuba
Hawaii, Alaska, and Jamaica
Panama, Brazil, and Argentina
The U.S. followed a policy of imperialism because:
it wanted to expand its influence and gain access to new markets and resources.
it wanted to avoid contact with other nations.
it aimed to reduce its military presence worldwide.
it sought to become more isolated from global affairs.
Yellow journalism refers to a style of reporting that exaggerates or sensationalizes news. Why was it used, and which two historical figures are associated with it?
It was used to attract readers and sell newspapers; William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.
It was used to promote scientific discoveries; Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla.
It was used to support government policies; Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt.
It was used to spread religious beliefs; Martin Luther and John Calvin.
Media affects warfare by:
Shaping public opinion and influencing military strategies
Having no impact on the outcome of conflicts
Only providing entertainment during wars
Preventing all forms of communication in war zones
Imperialism and manifest destiny are the same thing because:
They both involve expansion, but manifest destiny refers specifically to U.S. westward expansion while imperialism is a broader concept.
They are both terms for U.S. westward expansion only.
Imperialism is only about economic control, while manifest destiny is about military conquest.
Manifest destiny is a global policy, while imperialism is limited to the U.S.
The “Big Stick Policy” was the foreign policy of Teddy Roosevelt. It is characterized by the phrase: “Speak softly and carry a big stick,” meaning to have a strong military to enforce foreign policy. What does the “Big Stick Policy” mean?
To have a strong military to enforce foreign policy
To avoid all international conflicts
To rely solely on diplomacy without military force
To promote isolationism
What caused President Wilson to ask Congress to declare war on Germany?
The sinking of the Lusitania by German submarines
Germany's invasion of France
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The signing of the Treaty of Versailles
The League of Nations was an international organization formed after World War I. Did the U.S. join the League? Why or why not?
The U.S. did not join the League of Nations because the Senate refused to ratify the treaty.
The U.S. joined the League of Nations to promote world peace.
The U.S. did not join the League of Nations because it was not invited.
The U.S. joined the League of Nations but left after a few years.
Neutrality refers to a policy of not taking sides in a conflict. How was neutrality practiced by the U.S. during World War I?
By refusing to join either side and maintaining trade with all nations
By actively supporting the Allies with troops
By declaring war on both sides
By providing military aid to the Central Powers
America’s economy during World War I can best be described as:
Rapidly growing due to increased production for the war effort.
Declining due to lack of resources.
Unchanged from pre-war levels.
Struggling with high unemployment.
The Espionage Act and the Sedition Act were laws that:
outlawed interference with military operations and speech against the government during wartime.
legalized all forms of protest against the government.
encouraged citizens to spy on each other.
abolished censorship in newspapers.
What were the Fourteen Points? Who created them? Why were they created?
The Fourteen Points were Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace after WWI. He created them because he wanted 'peace without victory', believing that punishing Germany would create issues later.
The Fourteen Points were a military strategy developed by Winston Churchill to defeat Germany in WWI. They were created to ensure total victory for the Allies.
The Fourteen Points were a set of economic sanctions proposed by France to punish Germany after WWI. They were created to weaken Germany's economy.
The Fourteen Points were a treaty signed by Russia and Germany to end their involvement in WWI. They were created to secure Russia's withdrawal from the war.
What was the Harlem Renaissance? Why was this Renaissance important to African Americans?
The Harlem Renaissance was a celebration of the richness of African American heritage.
The Harlem Renaissance was a political movement to gain voting rights for African Americans.
The Harlem Renaissance was a period of economic prosperity for African Americans in the South.
The Harlem Renaissance was a migration of African Americans to the West Coast.
Who was Langston Hughes?
Langston Hughes was a poet during the Harlem Renaissance.
Langston Hughes was a famous jazz musician.
Langston Hughes was a renowned scientist.
Langston Hughes was a celebrated painter.
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti? What is xenophobia?
The Sacco and Vanzetti trial (along with the Red Scare and the National Origins Act) served to demonstrate negative attitudes towards immigrants.
Sacco and Vanzetti were famous jazz musicians, and xenophobia is a love for foreign cultures.
Sacco and Vanzetti were inventors, and xenophobia is a scientific theory.
Sacco and Vanzetti were explorers, and xenophobia is a type of government.
During the 1920s Americans changed the way they lived and acted—WHY?
Americans changed the way they lived and acted during the 1920s due to conflict between traditional and modern values.
Americans changed the way they lived and acted during the 1920s because of a sudden increase in agricultural production.
Americans changed the way they lived and acted during the 1920s due to the end of World War II.
Americans changed the way they lived and acted during the 1920s because of a nationwide ban on automobiles.
What is prohibition? What was a major effect of Prohibition in cities?
Prohibition was implemented by the 18th Amendment, which banned the manufacture, sale and transport of alcohol. A major effect of prohibition in cities was increased organized crime.
Prohibition was a movement to increase alcohol production. A major effect of prohibition in cities was a decrease in crime.
Prohibition was a law that encouraged alcohol consumption. A major effect of prohibition in cities was improved public health.
Prohibition was a policy to legalize all drugs. A major effect of prohibition in cities was the elimination of organized crime.
After World War I, what caused many African Americans to migrate from the South?
Many African Americans migrated from the South after World War I due to increased job opportunities in the North.
Many African Americans migrated from the South after World War I due to a desire to return to Africa.
Many African Americans migrated from the South after World War I because of new voting rights in the South.
Many African Americans migrated from the South after World War I to escape cold weather in the South.
What is buying stock on margin mean? How did this lead to the Great Depression?
Buying stock on margin means buying stocks on credit with a loan from a bank.
Buying stock on margin means purchasing stocks with cash only.
Buying stock on margin means selling stocks at a loss.
Buying stock on margin means buying government bonds instead of stocks.
What is a 'bank holiday'? Why were they used during the Depression?
Temporary closure of all banks to prevent bank runs.
A day when banks offer special discounts to customers.
A holiday for bank employees only.
A government program to increase bank profits.
What is a 'Hooverville'? Why did people call these places 'Hoovervilles'?
A Hooverville was a make-shift town (shanty-town) where people who lost all their money and homes during the Depression would live. They were named after President Hoover because many Americans believed he was not doing enough to help the country out of the Great Depression.
A Hooverville was a government-funded housing project created to help people during the Depression. They were named after President Hoover because he personally designed them.
A Hooverville was a popular brand of vacuum cleaner during the Depression era. People called these places 'Hoovervilles' because they were very clean.
A Hooverville was a type of factory that produced goods for the unemployed. They were named after President Hoover because he started the program.
Describe how the presidents of the Depression (Hoover and Roosevelt) dealt with the needs of the people.
Hoover relied on limited government intervention, while Roosevelt implemented the New Deal to provide relief and recovery.
Both Hoover and Roosevelt immediately provided direct financial aid to all citizens.
Hoover and Roosevelt both refused to address the needs of the people during the Depression.
Roosevelt continued Hoover's policies without any changes.
A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRESIDENT HOOVER AND PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S ADMINISTRATIONS IS THAT
Roosevelt's administration took a more active role in addressing the economic crisis.
Hoover's administration created the Social Security Act.
Roosevelt's administration favored less government intervention.
Hoover's administration implemented the New Deal.
Socialism is a system where the government controls major industries. The New Deal could be seen as socialist because it increased government involvement in the economy. Which statement best explains why the New Deal could be considered socialist?
It increased government involvement in the economy.
It reduced government control over industries.
It promoted complete private ownership of all businesses.
It eliminated all government programs.
Roosevelt attempted to restore the public's faith in the banking institution in his New Deal policies by:
closing all banks temporarily and only reopening those deemed financially sound
increasing taxes on banks to fund public projects
nationalizing all private banks
eliminating all banking regulations
Court packing refers to which of the following, and why might some people oppose it?
Adding more judges to a court to influence its decisions; some oppose it because it threatens judicial independence.
Reducing the number of judges to save costs; some oppose it because it increases workload.
Appointing only judges from one political party; some oppose it because it reduces diversity.
Allowing judges to serve for life; some oppose it because it limits turnover.
The Dust Bowl refers to which event, and which area of the US was most affected?
A period of severe dust storms in the 1930s, mostly affecting the Great Plains region
A major earthquake in California during the 1920s
A flood disaster in the Mississippi River Valley in the 1940s
A volcanic eruption in the Pacific Northwest in the 1930s
What singular event brought the US out of the Great Depression?
World War II
The New Deal
The Stock Market Crash of 1929
The Civil Rights Movement
