Қаріп өлшемі
Жұмыс парақтарыAP CSP Course Vocabulary Review
Total сұрақ: 91
Worksheet time: 46mins
Which term refers to a way of representing information using only two options?
Binary
Decimal
Analog Data
Lossless Compression
What is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1?
Bit
Byte
Sampling
Round-off Error
How many bits are in a byte?
8
2
10
16
What type of error occurs when attempting to represent a number that is too large?
Overflow Error
Round-off Error
Lossy Compression
Sampling
Which process is used to create a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals?
Sampling
Lossless Compression
Digital Data
Creative Commons
What is the main difference between lossless and lossy compression?
Lossless compression is reversible, while lossy compression is not.
Lossless compression uses more bits than lossy compression.
Lossy compression is only used for text files.
Lossless compression always results in data loss.
Which type of data changes continuously or smoothly over time, such as music or colors in a painting?
Analog Data
Digital Data
Byte
Bit
What does "Creative Commons" refer to?
A collection of public copyright licenses that enable free distribution of copyrighted work
A type of data compression
A digital data format
A process for sampling analog data
Why might an author use a Creative Commons license?
To give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work they have created
To prevent anyone from accessing their work
To increase the file size of their work
To convert analog data to digital data
If you are designing a system that must store information with no loss, which compression method should you use?
Lossless Compression
Lossy Compression
Analog Data
Overflow Error
How does digital data differ from analog data?
Digital data changes discretely through a finite set of possible values, while analog data changes continuously.
Digital data is always larger than analog data.
Analog data is only used in computers.
Digital data cannot be compressed.
What is Intellectual Property?
A work or invention that is the result of creativity, to which one has rights and can apply for a patent, copyright, or trademark
A type of data compression
A process for sampling analog data
A way of representing information using two options
Which of the following best defines a Computing Device?
A machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors
A protocol for sending data across the Internet
A group of interconnected computing devices
A system for translating domain names into IP addresses
What is the main function of a Router in a computer network?
To forward data across a network
To assign unique numbers to devices
To measure the maximum amount of data sent per second
To translate domain names into IP addresses
Which term describes the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second?
Bandwidth
Packet
Protocol
Redundancy
What is the purpose of redundancy in a computer network?
To ensure the system can continue to work even if individual components fail
To assign unique numbers to each device
To forward data across a network
To measure the maximum amount of data sent per second
Which protocol is used for transmitting web pages over the Internet?
HTTP
IP
DNS
FTP
How does the Digital Divide impact access to computing devices and the Internet?
It creates differences based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics
It increases the maximum amount of data sent per second
It allows for the translation of domain names into IP addresses
It forwards data across a network
Why is fault tolerance important in computer networks?
Because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups
Because it assigns unique numbers to each device
Because it measures the maximum amount of data sent per second
Because it forwards data across a network
Which system is responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses?
Domain Name System (DNS)
World Wide Web
Router
Bandwidth
What is a packet in the context of computer networks?
A chunk of data sent over a network
A protocol for sending data across the Internet
A system for translating domain names
A machine that can run a program
Which of the following is a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose?
Computing System
Bandwidth
Protocol
Packet
What is the World Wide Web?
A system of linked pages, programs, and files
A protocol for sending data across the Internet
A group of interconnected computing devices
A chunk of data sent over a network
Which term refers to the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver?
Path
Router
Packet
Bandwidth
What does an IP Address uniquely identify?
Each device on the Internet
Each protocol used for sending data
Each packet sent over a network
Each system of linked pages
What is a protocol in the context of computer networks?
An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
A chunk of data sent over a network
A system for translating domain names
A machine that can run a program
Which term describes a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data?
Computing Network
Bandwidth
Packet
Router
Which term describes the inputs and outputs that allow a user to interact with a piece of software, such as buttons, menus, images, text, and graphics?
User Interface
Debugging
Documentation
Event
What is the definition of "Input" in the context of app design?
Data sent to a computer for processing by a program
Data sent from a program to a device
A written description of how code works
Steps used to create a piece of software
Which of the following best describes "Event Driven Programming"?
Program statements run in order, from top to bottom
Program statements run when triggered by an event, like a mouse click or key press
Finding and fixing problems in an algorithm
Collaborative programming style
What is the main purpose of debugging in app design?
To create user interfaces
To find and fix problems in an algorithm or program
To write documentation
To switch between programming roles
Which process involves investigating, designing, prototyping, and testing in the creation of software?
Development process
Sequential Programming
Pair Programming
Commenting
How does "Pair Programming" benefit programmers during software development?
It allows programmers to switch between writing code and planning high-level progress
It helps programmers run programs one command at a time
It provides a written description of code
It supplies input data to a program
A student is designing an app that responds when a user clicks a button. Which programming style should they use?
Sequential Programming
Event Driven Programming
Pair Programming
Debugging
Why is documentation important in software development?
It describes how a command or piece of code works or was developed
It allows programs to run one command at a time
It finds and fixes problems in code
It supplies input data to a program
Which of the following is NOT typically a phase in the development process?
Investigating
Debugging
Designing
Prototyping
If a program runs commands in order from top to bottom, which programming style is being used?
Event Driven Programming
Sequential Programming
Pair Programming
Development process
Which of the following best describes an "Expression" in computer science?
A combination of operators and values that evaluates to a single value
A named reference to a value used repeatedly
A command that executes code within a function
A logical operator that evaluates to a Boolean value
What is the purpose of an Assignment Operator in programming?
To change the value represented by a variable
To compare two values
To execute code within a function
To create a sequence of characters
Which term refers to a named reference to a value that can be used repeatedly throughout a program?
Variable
Function Call
String
Logical Operator
What is a String in programming?
An ordered sequence of characters
A data type that is either true or false
A named group of programming instructions
A comparison operator
Which of the following is a Boolean Value?
True or False
A sequence of characters
A named reference to a value
A command that executes code
Which operators indicate a Boolean expression?
<, >, <=, >=, ==, !=
+, -, *, /
AND, OR, NOT
print, input, return
Which logical operators evaluate to a Boolean value?
NOT, AND, OR
+, -, /
<, >
print, input
What does a Conditional Statement do in a program?
Affects the sequential flow of control by executing different statements based on the value of a Boolean expression
Creates a sequence of characters
Changes the value of a variable
Executes code within a function
What is a Function in programming?
A named group of programming instructions, also referred to as a "procedure"
A logical operator
A comparison operator
A sequence of characters
What is a Function Call?
A command that executes the code within a function
A named reference to a value
A logical operator
A comparison operator
Which term refers to "data about data"?
Metadata
Crowdsourcing
Data bias
Information
What is the main purpose of cleaning data?
To make the data uniform without changing its meaning
To remove all data from a dataset
To add new data to a dataset
To hide sensitive information
Which of the following best describes crowdsourcing?
Collecting input or information from a large number of people via the Internet
Filtering data to keep only certain rows
Studying the relationship between two pieces of data
Making data uniform by changing its format
If a dataset does not accurately reflect the full population being studied, what is this called?
Data bias
Metadata
Correlation
Information
How does data filtering help in data analysis?
By choosing a smaller subset of a data set to use for analysis
By collecting facts and patterns from data
By making data uniform without changing its meaning
By obtaining input from a large number of people
Which term describes a relationship between two pieces of data, typically referring to the amount that one varies in relation to the other?
Correlation
Metadata
Data filtering
Citizen Science
Explain how citizen science contributes to research and provide an example of its application.
It allows distributed individuals, including non-scientists, to contribute relevant data using their own computing devices; for example, tracking bird migrations using a mobile app.
It involves making data uniform without changing its meaning; for example, standardizing date formats.
It refers to the collection of facts and patterns from data; for example, analyzing survey results.
It is the practice of choosing a smaller subset of data for analysis; for example, filtering out incomplete responses.
Which term describes an ordered collection of elements in computer science?
List
Element
Index
Iteration
What is an individual value in a list that is assigned a unique index called?
Element
List
Traversal
Data abstraction
Which of the following is a common method for referencing the elements in a list or string using numbers?
Index
Iteration
Infinite loop
Traversal
What does the term "iteration" refer to in an algorithm?
A repetitive portion that repeats a specified number of times or until a condition is met
An individual value in a list
The process of accessing each item in a list one at a time
Giving a collection of data a name
Which situation describes an infinite loop?
When the ending condition will never evaluate to true
When each item in a list is accessed one at a time
When a collection of data is given a name
When elements are referenced using numbers
What is the process of accessing each item in a list one at a time called?
Traversal
Iteration
Element
Index
How does data abstraction help manage complexity in programs?
By giving a collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation
By repeating a portion of an algorithm
By assigning a unique index to each value
By accessing each item in a list one at a time
Which term refers to a variable in a function definition that acts as a placeholder for values passed through the function?
Parameter
Library
API
Modularity
What is the value that is passed to a parameter in a function called?
Argument
Return
Procedural abstraction
Modularity
What is the purpose of the 'return' statement in a function?
To return the flow of control and the value of an expression
To define a variable
To create a library
To subdivide a program
Which concept allows a procedure to be used by only knowing what it does, not how it does it, and helps solve large problems by breaking them into smaller subproblems?
Procedural abstraction
API
Parameter
Argument
A group of functions that may be used in creating new programs is called a:
Library
Parameter
Return
Modularity
What does API stand for in computer science?
Application Program Interface
Advanced Programming Instruction
Automated Procedure Integration
Applied Program Implementation
What is the subdivision of a computer program into separate subprograms called?
Modularity
Argument
Return
Library
How does procedural abstraction help in solving large problems in programming?
By creating procedures to solve each of the subproblems
By returning values from functions
By passing arguments to parameters
By subdividing programs into libraries
Which of the following best describes "Computing Innovation"?
A program that only edits pictures
A program that is an integral part of a system and can be physical or non-physical
A device that stores information
A system that only handles e-commerce transactions
What is Personally Identifiable Information (PII)?
Information about a computer’s hardware
Information about an individual that identifies, links, relates, or describes them
Information about a company’s profits
Information about a website’s traffic
Which technique attempts to trick a user into providing personal information for malicious purposes?
Keylogging
Phishing
Encryption
Decryption
What is the main purpose of keylogging?
To protect a computer from viruses
To record every keystroke made by a computer user
To encrypt messages
To provide wireless access
Which of the following is considered malware?
Software that protects a computer from infection
Software intended to damage a computing system or take partial control over its operation
Software that encrypts messages
Software that records keystrokes for security
What is a rogue access point?
A secure wireless access point
A wireless access point that gives unauthorized access to secure networks
A device that encrypts messages
A program that scans for viruses
What does encryption do?
Damages a computer system
Records keystrokes
Encodes messages to keep them secret
Provides unauthorized network access
Which process reverses encryption and reproduces the original plain text?
Keylogging
Decryption
Phishing
Authentication
How does symmetric key encryption work?
Uses one key for both encryption and decryption
Uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption
Requires multi-factor authentication
Uses malware to protect data
What is required for public key encryption to decrypt a message?
The sender’s private key
The receiver’s private key
The sender’s public key
The receiver’s public key
What does multi-factor authentication add to a system?
A single step for access
A layer of security that must be broken to gain unauthorized access
A way to record keystrokes
A method to encrypt messages
What is the function of computer virus scanning software?
Encrypts messages
Protects a computing system against infection
Provides unauthorized network access
Records keystrokes
Which of the following best defines an algorithm?
A finite set of instructions that accomplish a task.
A random set of steps performed without order.
A list of problems to be solved.
A collection of data points.
What is the main difference between sequential computing and parallel computing?
Sequential computing runs programs one command at a time, while parallel computing breaks programs into small pieces to run simultaneously.
Sequential computing uses multiple devices, while parallel computing uses only one device.
Sequential computing is faster than parallel computing.
Sequential computing requires more memory than parallel computing.
Which search algorithm checks each element of a list, in order, until the desired value is found or all elements have been checked?
Linear Search
Binary Search
Heuristic Search
Optimization Search
What does the term "speedup" refer to in computing?
The time used to complete a task sequentially divided by the time to complete a task in parallel.
The number of steps needed to complete an algorithm.
The efficiency of a search algorithm.
The amount of memory used by a program.
Which type of problem is always capable of providing a correct yes-or-no answer?
Decision Problem
Undecidable Problem
Optimization Problem
Heuristic Problem
Why might a heuristic be used instead of an actual solution in an algorithm?
Because a heuristic provides a "good enough" solution when an actual solution is impractical or impossible.
Because heuristics are always faster than actual solutions.
Because heuristics guarantee the best solution.
Because heuristics are only used for sorting data.
Which of the following describes an optimization problem?
A problem with the goal of finding the "best" solution among many.
A problem that cannot be solved by any algorithm.
A problem that only requires a yes/no answer.
A problem that is solved by checking each element in a list.
What is the main characteristic of algorithms with reasonable time?
They have polynomial efficiency or lower and are said to run in a reasonable amount of time.
They always provide the best solution.
They require exponential or factorial efficiencies.
They cannot be constructed by any algorithm.
How does binary search work?
It starts at the middle of a sorted set of numbers and removes half of the data, repeating until the desired value is found or all elements are eliminated.
It checks each element in a list one by one.
It sorts the data before searching.
It uses multiple devices to search for the value.
Which computing model involves programs being run by multiple devices?
Distributed Computing
Sequential Computing
Parallel Computing
Optimization Computing
