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Recognition and Management of Injuries to the Elbow

Total questions: 68

Worksheet time: 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is a common reason the elbow region is vulnerable to contusions?

a)

Excessive padding

b)

Lack of padding

c)

Strong muscles

d)

Frequent movement

2.

Elbow contusions are often the result of _________

a)

direct blow or repetitive blows

b)

overuse of the wrist

c)

lack of calcium

d)

poor circulation

3.

What is the recommended immediate management for elbow contusions?

a)

Apply heat

b)

Treat with RICE for at least 24 hours

c)

Massage the area

d)

Ignore the injury

4.

If an elbow contusion is severe, what should be done to determine the presence of a fracture?

a)

Refer for X-ray

b)

Apply ice

c)

Take painkillers

d)

Rest for a week

5.

What is a key reason the olecranon is susceptible to injury?

a)

Deep location

b)

Superficial location

c)

Lack of blood supply

d)

High mobility

6.

Fill in the blank: Swelling in olecranon bursitis will appear almost spontaneously and without usual ______ and heat.

a)

pain

b)

redness

c)

itching

d)

numbness

7.

In acute conditions of olecranon bursitis, compression for at least 1 hour is recommended.

a)

True

b)

False

8.

Which management step may be necessary if swelling fails to resolve in olecranon bursitis?

a)

Surgery

b)

Aspiration

c)

Ice application

d)

Rest

9.

What is the most common muscle rupture of the upper extremity?

a)

Rupture of distal biceps

b)

Rupture of triceps

c)

Rupture of deltoid

d)

Rupture of pectoralis major

10.

Active or resistive motion produces pain and point tenderness in muscle, tendon, or lower part of muscle belly are signs and symptoms of strains.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

What is the recommended management for severe cases of muscle strain?

a)

Surgery

b)

RICE and sling

c)

Physical therapy only

d)

Ignore and continue activity

12.

If severe loss of function is encountered in a muscle strain, what should be done according to the management guidelines?

a)

Refer for X-ray

b)

Apply heat

c)

Massage the area

d)

Take painkillers only

13.

What is a common cause of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries?

a)

Injured as the result of a valgus force from repetitive trauma.

b)

Direct blow to the lateral side of the elbow.

c)

Overuse of the wrist flexor muscles.

d)

Fracture of the humerus.

14.

Which of the following can result from Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries?

a)

Ulnar nerve inflammation

b)

Wrist flexor tendinitis

c)

Overuse flexor/pronator strain

d)

All of the above

15.

Which symptom is associated with Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries?

a)

Pain along medial aspect of elbow

b)

Tenderness over MCL

c)

Associated paresthesia, positive Tinel’s sign

d)

All of the above

16.

Fill in the blank: Tenderness over ______ is a sign of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries.

a)

MCL

b)

LCL

c)

ACL

d)

PCL

17.

Fill in the blank: Associated paresthesia and positive ______ sign may be present in Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries.

a)

Tinel’s

b)

Phalen’s

c)

Babinski

d)

Hoffman’s

18.

What is the initial conservative treatment for Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) injuries?

a)

Surgery

b)

RICE and NSAID's

c)

Physical therapy only

d)

Immobilization

19.

After resolution of UCL injury, what should be performed according to the management steps?

a)

Surgery

b)

Strengthening and analysis of throwing motion

c)

Immobilization

d)

Rest only

20.

Surgical intervention for UCL injuries is called the Tommy John procedure.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

Fill in the blank: A throwing athlete can return to activity ______ weeks post Tommy John surgery.

a)

22-26

b)

10-12

c)

30-34

d)

16-18

22.

Which ligament is reconstructed during Tommy John surgery?

a)

Radial collateral ligament

b)

Ulnar collateral ligament

c)

Patellar ligament

d)

Achilles tendon

23.

What is the etiology of Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)?

a)

Repetitive microtrauma to insertion of extensor muscles of lateral epicondyle

b)

Sudden trauma to the elbow

c)

Infection of the elbow joint

d)

Overuse of flexor muscles

24.

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)?

a)

A) Aching pain in region of lateral epicondyle after activity

b)

B) Swelling of the fingers

c)

C) Numbness in the shoulder

d)

D) Redness of the wrist

25.

Pain worsens and weakness in wrist and hand develop over time is a sign of Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow).

a)

True

b)

False

26.

Fill in the blank: Elbow has decreased _____; pain with resistive wrist extension is a symptom of Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow).

a)

ROM (Range of Motion)

b)

strength

c)

flexibility

d)

temperature

27.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended management strategy for Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)?

a)

RICE, NSAID’s and analgesics

b)

Avoidance of pronation motions

c)

Stretching in pain free ranges

d)

Vigorous exercise of the elbow

28.

Use of neoprene sleeve is recommended in the management of Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow).

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Fill in the blank: Management of Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) includes avoidance of _____ motions.

a)

pronation

b)

supination

c)

flexion

d)

extension

30.

What is the etiology of Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s or Little League Elbow)?

a)

Repeated forceful flexion of wrist and extreme valgus torque of elbow

b)

Repeated extension of the knee

c)

Sudden twisting of the ankle

d)

Overuse of shoulder muscles

31.

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s or Little League Elbow)?

a)

A) Pain produced with forceful flexion or extension

b)

B) Numbness in the fingers

c)

C) Swelling of the ankle

d)

D) Difficulty breathing

32.

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s or Little League Elbow)?

a)

Point tenderness and mild swelling

b)

Passive movement of wrist seldom elicits pain, but active movement does

c)

Severe headache

d)

Pain produced with forceful flexion or extension

33.

Analgesic and NSAID's are used in the management of Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s or Little League Elbow).

a)

True

b)

False

34.

Severe cases of Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s or Little League Elbow) may require splinting and complete rest for how many days?

a)

7-10 days

b)

1-2 days

c)

14-21 days

d)

30-40 days

35.

What is the primary cause of Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s or Little League Elbow)?

a)

Repetitive microtraumas from throwing

b)

Type of pitch thrown

c)

Lack of exercise

d)

Poor nutrition

36.

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of Medial Epicondylitis?

a)

Rapid onset

b)

Slow onset with slight flexion contracture

c)

Increased ROM

d)

Strong triceps

37.

Medial Epicondylitis is associated with decreased ROM including forearm _______ and supination.

a)

pronation

b)

extension

c)

abduction

d)

flexion

38.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended management strategy for Medial Epicondylitis?

a)

RICE, NSAID’s and analgesics

b)

Throwing stops until pain resolved and full ROM is regained

c)

Ignoring the pain and continuing to throw

d)

Gentle stretching and triceps strengthening

39.

Throwing should stop until pain is resolved and full ROM is regained in the management of Medial Epicondylitis.

a)

True

b)

False

40.

Throwing under supervision with good technique is recommended to prevent _______ of Medial Epicondylitis.

a)

recurrence

b)

swelling

c)

fracture

d)

infection

41.

Which type of force acts on the lateral side of the elbow during a baseball throw?

a)

Compressive forces

b)

Tensile forces

c)

Shear forces

d)

Rotational forces

42.

Which of the following is a common cause of elbow dislocation?

a)

Fall on outstretched hand with elbow extended

b)

Hyperextension

c)

Hyperflexion

d)

None of the above

43.

Bones in an elbow dislocation can be displaced in which directions?

a)

Backward

b)

Forward

c)

Laterally

d)

All of the above

44.

Elbow dislocation is distinguishable from fracture because lateral and medial epicondyles are normally aligned with the shaft of humerus.

a)

True

b)

False

45.

Fill in the blank: Swelling, severe pain, and _______ are signs and symptoms of elbow dislocation.

a)

disability

b)

itching

c)

rash

d)

numbness

46.

Which nerves and blood vessels can have complications in elbow dislocation?

a)

Median and radial nerves and blood vessels

b)

Ulnar and femoral nerves and blood vessels

c)

Sciatic and popliteal nerves and blood vessels

d)

Axillary and carotid nerves and blood vessels

47.

Often a ________ fracture is involved in elbow dislocation.

a)

radial head

b)

olecranon

c)

capitellum

d)

coronoid process

48.

Gross deformity and loss of function are signs and symptoms of elbow dislocation.

a)

True

b)

False

49.

Which of the following should be done immediately in the management of elbow dislocation?

a)

Application of splint and sling

b)

Ice and compression

c)

Immobilization for 3 weeks

d)

Refer for reduction

50.

Neurological and vascular function must be assessed prior to and following reduction in elbow dislocation management.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

Immobilization, following reduction, in flexion for approximately ______ weeks is recommended in elbow dislocation management.

a)

3

b)

1

c)

5

d)

8

52.

Elbow Fractures - Etiology: Which of the following can cause an elbow fracture?

a)

A. Fall on flexed elbow

b)

B. Direct blow

c)

Both A and B

d)

None of the above

53.

Fracture can occur in which of the following bones?

a)

Humerus

b)

Radius

c)

Ulna

d)

Any one or more of the above

54.

Elbow Fractures - Etiology: Fill in the blank: Fall on outstretched hand often fractures humerus ______ condyles or between condyles.

a)

above

b)

below

c)

beside

d)

behind

55.

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of elbow fractures?

a)

May not result in visual deformity

b)

Hemorrhaging, swelling, muscle spasm

c)

Significant pain and dysfunction

d)

Increased range of motion

56.

Stable elbow fractures require surgery.

a)

True

b)

False

57.

Fill in the blank: If the forearm is cold & clammy and the athlete reports numbness in the hand, the blood supply is ________ and requires immediate attention.

a)

compromised

b)

normal

c)

increased

d)

unaffected

58.

Which of the following should be monitored in the management of elbow fractures?

a)

Decrease in ROM and neurovascular status

b)

Increase in muscle strength

c)

Visual deformity only

d)

None of the above

59.

What is Volkmann’s Contracture associated with?

a)

Humeral fractures causing muscle spasm, swelling, or bone pressure on radial artery

b)

Femoral fractures causing muscle spasm

c)

Wrist sprain

d)

Ankle dislocation

60.

Volkmann’s Contracture can become permanent.

a)

True

b)

False

61.

Fill in the blank: Significant pain and immediate _______ are signs and symptoms of Volkmann’s Contracture.

a)

swelling

b)

numbness

c)

redness

d)

itching

62.

Pain in Volkmann’s Contracture is followed by cessation of _______ and _______ pulses, coldness, and numbness in forearm.

a)

brachial; radial

b)

ulnar; femoral

c)

popliteal; tibial

d)

axillary; carotid

63.

Medical attention must be received immediately for Volkmann’s Contracture.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

Valgus Stress Test: What does the Valgus Stress Test check for?

a)

Sprains of the radial collateral ligament

b)

Sprains of the ulnar (medial) collateral ligament

c)

Fractures of the humerus

d)

Dislocation of the wrist

65.

Valgus Stress Test: The hand on the wrist attempts to move the forearm ________.

a)

laterally

b)

medially

c)

anteriorly

d)

posteriorly

66.

Valgus Stress Test: A positive test is indicated by gapping in the ulnar collateral ligament or severe pain.

a)

True

b)

False

67.

Valgus Stress Test: Severe pain over the medial aspect of the elbow that is relieved by flexing the elbow is also indicative of what pathology?

a)

UCL pathology

b)

Radial head fracture

c)

Lateral epicondylitis

d)

Olecranon bursitis

68.

What is the name of the orthopedic test being demonstrated in the image?

a)

Varus Stress Test

b)

Valgus Stress Test

c)

Lachman Test

d)

McMurray Test

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