This landmark is about 325 feet tall and rises above the North Platte River Valley. There are similarly named formations in other states, but this one is a national historic site due to its significance to mid-19th century travelers. What formation in western Nebraska served as a landmark on the Oregon Trail?

This geographic term refers to a headland extending from a coastal region into a sea or ocean. American examples include Canaveral in Florida and Cod in Massachusetts. What type of landform is this?

This cemetery lay on the grounds of George Washington's adopted son's former estate. Among its burials are over a thousand former slaves and Civil War soldiers from both sides. What cemetery near Washington, D.C., is President John F. Kennedy's resting place?

This region lies in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent and its control has been contested by India and Pakistan, with China active in its eastern part. What region's name is pronounced the same as fine, downy goat wool?

This geographic region is bordered to the north and south by the Great Basin and Sonoran deserts. Despite low population, this desert stretching across California and Nevada is home to Las Vegas. What is the hottest desert in the United States, home to Death Valley?

Made of Conway Granite, this formation was located atop Cannon Mountain in New Hampshire. Due to erosion and Interstate 93 traffic vibrations, this iconic symbol fell in 2003. What image is still New Hampshire's emblem?

This bay was explored and mapped by Captain John Smith within a year of the first settlement there. At least ten rivers flow into it, including the Susquehanna, James, and Potomac. What bay is the largest Atlantic Ocean inlet in North America, bordered by Maryland and Virginia?

This line represents a distance approximately twenty-three and a half degrees north of the equator. At the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere, the sun is directly over this line. What imaginary line has a corresponding twin for the southern hemisphere's summer solstice?

This desert is bordered to the north and south by the Great Basin and Sonoran deserts. Despite generally low population, this desert stretching across California and Nevada is home to Las Vegas. What is the hottest desert in the United States?

This river seems key to economic development in central African interior. After the Nile, it is Africa's longest river. What river, once known as the Zaire, drains almost all of a certain Democratic Republic?

This term originally meant "cavalry," men who fought on horseback. English borrowed it from French meaning a knight or lower nobility member. What term refers to proper conduct medieval knights were expected to display?

This term originates from Greek words for chief and sea, and can be divided into continental and oceanic types. Examples include Indonesia and Hawaii. What term describes a group or chain of islands?

What California area is located in the Mojave Desert?

This seven-letter term describes a body of water where seawater meets a large river's fresh water. Many coastal areas called bays, like Galveston and Chesapeake, are actually this form of waterbody. What is this term?

These three major rivers of the Middle East and Africa include two that join before flowing into the Persian Gulf while the third flows generally northward. What are these three rivers along which early civilizations were established?

This term used in political geography doesn't indicate a specific governmental structure. Examples include two U.S. territories and four states, including Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky. What term refers to this specific type of state?

This name was given to a desert, plateau, region, and people, as well as a Chilean radio telescope system. As a region bounded by Argentina to the east and Pacific Ocean to the west, what Chilean desert is one of Earth's driest regions?

This geographic feature lies between the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Appalachian Piedmont. It can be identified by specific points on rivers like the Delaware, Potomac, James, and Savannah. What feature marks the head of navigation on rivers flowing to the sea?

This region comprises the U.S. Interior Highlands along with the adjacent Ouachita Mountains. It contains the Salem and Springfield Plateaus and the St. Francois and Boston Mountains. What region occupies parts of Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma?

This state borders Canadian provinces New Brunswick and Quebec. It contains Cadillac Mountain on Mount Desert Island within Acadia National Park. What U.S. state with capital at Augusta is the northernmost New England state?

Although "Yankee" applied to Northerners during the Civil War, it now refers to people from this more specific region. It contains four of eight Ivy League colleges and its largest city is Boston. What northeastern region consists of six states including Rhode Island and New Hampshire?

This phrase refers to North America and describes a line of north-south trending ridges extending from British Columbia through the United States into Mexico and Central America. What phrase describes the line separating westward-flowing from eastward-flowing rivers?

This nation mainly consists of two islands appropriately named North and South Islands. Here you will find the native Maori people. What South Pacific nation is about a thousand miles southeast of Australia?

This large mass of Precambrian rock in North America was largely exposed by glacial effects during the last Ice Age. Centered on Hudson Bay, it extends into parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York. What vast land area extends across more than half of Canada?

This so-called sea has no land boundaries and is characterized by brown seaweed and often calm, clear, blue water. What sea is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator, encircled by a clockwise system of ocean currents?

This lake did not exist until 1811-1812, is full of cypress trees, and is a fisherman's paradise. What Tennessee lake was created along the Mississippi River by the New Madrid earthquakes?

The United States acquired this territory in 1917 from Denmark, and the Organic Act of 1936 allowed it to create a government. Located in the Lesser Antilles, its capital is Charlotte Amalie. What U.S. territory consists of Saint John, Saint Croix, and Saint Thomas?

This stretch of barren wasteland extends about a hundred miles in northwestern Utah and is part of the Great Salt Lake Desert. On what salt flats have several automobile and motorcycle speed records been set?

This series of landforms existed periodically between present-day Siberia and Alaska and is postulated to have provided a passage route for ancient Native American ancestors. What is this so-called land bridge?

This city is renowned for its architecture, being the location of the first steel-frame skyscraper. Its landmarks include the Magnificent Mile, Millennium Park, and Navy Pier. What city sits on Lake Michigan as Illinois's largest city?

This body of water lies mainly in Uganda and Tanzania but also borders Kenya. It is the chief reservoir for the Nile River. What African lake was named for an English queen?

This unique lake in the western United States is fed by precipitation rather than inflowing streams and is the deepest lake in the United States. What lake lies within a large bowl-shaped volcanic depression in southwestern Oregon?

Its surface lies below sea level and it extends from Russia in the northwest to Iran in the south. It is Earth's largest enclosed inland body of water. What is this brackish "sea"?

This island is nicknamed "The Gathering Place" because it's the most populated in its archipelago. It's home to Diamond Head volcanic crater, Waikiki Beach, and Pearl Harbor. What third largest Hawaiian Island is the site of state capital Honolulu?

This western river contains a third of potential hydroelectric power available to the United States and is the largest North American river flowing into the Pacific Ocean. What river flows out of the Rockies and empties into the Pacific at Astoria, Oregon?

This city-state's people are mostly Chinese with significant Malay and Indian populations. It is the largest port in Southeast Asia. What city-state lies at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula?

The Jordan River empties into this inland sea, which is the lowest body of water on Earth's surface. What salt lake lies between Israel and Jordan?

This river valley is often called the cradle of Chinese civilization. It is northern China's main river and the country's second longest. What river's name refers to the color of sediments it carries to the sea?

This great lake can be fished from shores in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario. It is the most northwesterly of the five Great Lakes. What largest Great Lake has a name to match?

This high region contains headwaters of major rivers including the Indus, Yangtze, and Mekong. It lies between the Kunlun Mountains to the north and Himalayas to the south. What plateau takes its name from a sovereign country controlled by China since the 1950s?

This body of water includes the San Juan Islands, with Orcas Island being the largest. It includes the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound, with major port cities including Vancouver and Seattle. What body of water is governed by both Canada and the United States?

This nearly flat alluvial area is found at a river's mouth and is also the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet, shaped like a triangle. What term describes the mouths of rivers like the Nile, Mekong, and Mississippi?

This nation is divided into sixteen states including Bremen, Bavaria, and Lower Saxony. It is bordered by nine countries including Belgium and Luxembourg to the west and Denmark to the north. What country was once divided by a wall running through its capital Berlin?

Native American folklore says this formation's appearance was caused by a bear clawing into it, and it was featured in Close Encounters of the Third Kind. It towers over 1,200 feet above the Belle Fourche River. What butte in northeastern Wyoming was declared the first U.S. national monument by Theodore Roosevelt in 1906?

This lake can be fished from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario shores. It is the most northwesterly of the five Great Lakes. What largest Great Lake has a name to match its size?

This tributary of the Potomac River was the scene of two major Civil War battles. It is located near Manassas in northern Virginia. What stream is where Lee defeated General Pope's forces at what the South called Second Manassas?

The Rainbow Bridge is located directly next to this natural site, and crossing it takes you from New York to Ontario. It consists of the American, Bridal Veil, and Horseshoe Falls. What is the collective name for these three waterfalls?

This stretch of barren wasteland extends about a hundred miles in northwestern Utah as part of the Great Salt Lake Desert. On what flats have several automobile and motorcycle speed records been set?

This large plain in interior Southern Africa has very little surface water. Its southwestern half loses more water to evaporation than it receives in precipitation, making it a true desert. What region includes almost all of Botswana and a third of Namibia?

This mountain is located in the Mahalangur Himal subrange and is known as Chomolungma in one of its home countries. Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary were among the first to climb this peak. What Himalayan mountain has Earth's highest altitude?

This U.S. state is home to the Bakken and Three Forks oil production areas. The construction of a 1,200-mile pipeline between this state and Illinois was held up in 2016. In what state did the Standing Rock Sioux tribe protest the DAPL project?

This island is nicknamed "The Gathering Place" because it's the most populated in its archipelago and attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists monthly. It's home to Diamond Head, Waikiki Beach, and Pearl Harbor. What third largest Hawaiian Island is the site of state capital Honolulu?

This geologic feature lies southwest of Guam and contains Challenger Deep. It exists where two tectonic plates collide, with one being pushed beneath the other. What is the deepest known sea trench on Earth?

This lake extends from Canada southward into the United States, forming part of the boundary between Vermont and New York. It was the scene of battles before, during, and after the American Revolution. What lake is named for the French explorer who visited it and founded Quebec?

This river is formed by the joining of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It flows 980 miles before joining the Mississippi River in Cairo, Illinois. What river flows directly past Cincinnati and Louisville?

This river is formed by the joining of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers in southwestern Montana's Rocky Mountains. It flows southeast for over 2,300 miles before joining another major river north of St. Louis. What is North America's second longest river?

The main occupations around this North American bay are fishing and harvesting sea mammals for pelts. It has a severe continental climate with winter temperatures averaging around ten below zero. What Canadian bay is named for an English navigator seeking a Northwest Passage?

This state contains the southernmost point in the continental U.S. The northwestern portion is called the "Panhandle," while its largest national park is known for species variety including panthers, manatees, and alligators. What peninsular state is home to Everglades National Park?

This peninsula can be entered from the north by passing through the Pyrenees Mountains. The Strait of Gibraltar separates it from North Africa. What peninsula contains the nations of Spain and Portugal?

This range of mountains forms the backbone of a European peninsula. The two main rivers flowing from these mountains are the Arno and Tiber. What mountain range passes down the middle of Italy?

This strategic stretch of water connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara and separates parts of European Turkey from Asian Turkey. What strait passes through Istanbul at its southern end?

This is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the Western Hemisphere and stands high in the Andes Mountains. What former Inca capital is now located in south-central Peru?

This northern projection of the European continent forms part of Denmark. It takes its name from a Germanic people who probably inhabited it prior to the Middle Ages. What place's early inhabitants were the Jutes who later invaded Britain?

This ancient water supply system is still used in arid regions today. It taps underground water sources and channels water downhill through tunnels to where it's needed. What water supply system was developed millennia ago in the Middle East?

This town's Federal arsenal was attacked by armed abolitionists in 1859. It's located at the confluence of the Shenandoah and Potomac Rivers, where Robert Harper established a ferry and grist mill. What town was the site of John Brown's raid?

This city was the location of a scandal involving U.S. swimmers after they falsely claimed robbery at a gas station. This first South American city to host Olympics saw the United States take first place in 2016. What Brazilian city hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics?

Located on the Po River, this northwestern Italian city is home to Fiat headquarters and hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics. What Italian city lends its name to a piece of linen claimed to be Christ's burial garment?

Referred to as "a rose-red city half as old as time," this Arab city's archaeological ruins can be visited in southern Jordan. What ancient city is known for well-preserved ruins like Al Khazneh, carved into a rock face?

Since 1884, this European borough's Royal Observatory has served as the officially recognized location of zero degrees longitude. Its name is often used to refer to the Prime Meridian. What borough of London, England is this?

This landform rises above the Bay of Naples in southern Italy. What volcano buried both Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 AD?

This landmark is surrounded by Gifford Pinchot National Forest and is part of the Cascade mountain range. Its 1980 eruption killed 57 people and blasted away the top 1000 feet of its summit. What Washington volcano had the most violent volcanic event in modern U.S. history?

The indigenous people of this island are called Chamorros and are American citizens by birth. Its most populous city is Dededo, and it's the largest of the Mariana Islands. What U.S. territory is located west of Hawaii and south of Japan?

Four states border this body of water: Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana. Its name comes from a Native American word meaning "large lake," and it's the third largest of the Great Lakes. What Great Lake has Milwaukee and Chicago built on its shores?

During the colonial period, this Caribbean island was commonly called Santo Domingo. Its name today comes from the Anglicized form of the name Columbus gave it in 1492. What island is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic?

A mountain memorial in this state depicting a Native American leader has been under construction since 1948. In addition to the Crazy Horse Memorial, this state contains Badlands National Park. What U.S. state is home to Mount Rushmore?

This region's ancient name comes from a Greek word meaning "between rivers." In ancient times, it included present-day eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and most of Iraq. What region lies largely between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?

This city on January 7, 2015, saw two gunmen force their way into a satirical magazine office and kill 12 people, prompting the worldwide response "Je suis Charlie." Later that year, coordinated attacks occurred at a soccer stadium and the Bataclan theater. What city on the Seine River in France was this?

This plain was the scene of a battle between Athens and Persia resulting in Athenian victory. Legend says a runner ran the distance from the plain to Athens to report the victory. What place has given its name to a long distance race held in cities like Boston and New York?

This commercial and cultural center of an island nation has buildings heated by water piped from nearby hot springs. Located in the North Atlantic, a land of glaciers and volcanoes, what is the capital of Iceland?

This city was the location of a scandal involving Ryan Lochte and other U.S. swimmers after they falsely claimed robbery. This first South American city to host Olympics saw the United States take first place with Great Britain and China following. What Brazilian city hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics?

This U.S. state is the home of Juneau and Bethel, has fewer than one million people, and a population density barely greater than one person per square mile. Purchased in 1867 and named the 49th state in 1959, what is the largest and northernmost U.S. state?

What city is best known as home to Disney World and Universal Studios?

This city on the Seine River saw gunmen kill 12 people at a satirical magazine office in January 2015, prompting "Je suis Charlie." Later that year, coordinated attacks occurred at a soccer stadium and theater. What French city was this?

This area is home to Furnace Creek, which in 1913 recorded Earth's highest temperature at 134°F. It also contains Badwater Basin, North America's lowest point at 282 feet below sea level. What California area is located in the Mojave Desert?

This city and state are required for the answer. A marker indicates the site near this town that the U.S. National Geodetic Survey established in 1918 as the geographic center of what was then the United States. The town has the same name as a Middle Eastern country. What town and state have this distinction?

Formerly home to Presidents James Monroe and Thomas Jefferson, this city lies northwest of Richmond in the Blue Ridge Mountains foothills. In 2017, it was the site of the controversial "Unite the Right" rally following removal of a Robert E. Lee statue. What Virginia city made national news when a man drove his car into protesters?

This island is about 90 miles from Cuba and contains Duval Street, which runs from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean. In the 1930s, Ernest Hemingway lived here, and his house is now a U.S. National Historic Landmark known for its cats. What island is the southernmost point in the continental U.S.?

This zone of vegetation often lies between forests and deserts where forests don't prosper due to climate or human activity. What do we call such places like the Great Plains of North America, where vegetation is dominated by grasses?

Which biome is represented by option D?