NEW
Font size
WorksheetsKR20403 Chapter 2
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 10mins
What is the attitude of a virtuous person towards dishonest people?
She admires them
She is indifferent to them
She is disgusted by them and does not enjoy their company
She tries to become like them
Analyze how the concept of virtues influences a person's emotional reactions and interests.
Virtues only affect actions, not emotions or interests
Virtues influence actions, emotional reactions, interests, and general sensibilities
Virtues have no impact on a person's life
Virtues only affect a person's thoughts
Why is promoting the development of virtues considered important in ethical action, especially when there are no legal or professional sanctions?
Because virtues help avoid punishment
Because virtues motivate ethical actions without external sanctions
Because virtues are only needed for legal compliance
Because virtues are irrelevant to ethical action
According to W.D. Ross, which duty involves keeping promises and not telling lies?
Duties of justice
Duties of fidelity
Duties of self-improvement
Duties of beneficence
Explain how the respect for person model addresses the issue of interference in people's lives. Use reasoning and evidence from the principles described.
It allows interference if it benefits the majority.
It provides rules to protect individuals from unwanted interference, emphasizing respect for their moral agency.
It encourages interference to maintain order.
It ignores interference as long as utility is increased.
Which model tends to disallow actions that common morality might permit?
A. Utilitarian Model
B. Respect for persons model
C. Justice Model
D. Supererogatory Model
Which condition of the principle of double effect ensures that the good effect is not outweighed by the bad effect?
The act is allowable apart from its consequences
The bad consequence cannot be avoided
The bad effect is not the means of producing the good effect
The good effect is at least as significant as the bad effect
If two models converge on the same solution, what does this imply?
The solution is likely incorrect
There is reason to believe that the solution is correct
The models are identical
The solution should be ignored
Which approach focuses on producing the greatest benefit relative to cost?
The cost-benefit approach
The risk assessment approach
The ethical approach
The qualitative approach
If the cost of implementing an option could produce greater benefit if spent on another option, what should you do according to the cost-benefit approach?
Proceed with the original option
Choose the option with the highest cost
Select the alternative option that produces greater benefit
Ignore the cost and focus on benefits
Which of the following is a problem associated with the cost-benefit approach?
It always considers ethical implications.
Economic measures override other considerations.
It is easy to predict future relevant factors.
It takes into account the distribution of costs and benefits.
Why is it difficult to ascertain the cost and benefits in the cost-benefit approach?
All factors are easily measurable.
Loss of human life or serious injury is hard to quantify.
Only financial factors are considered.
Future factors are always predictable.
How does the cost-benefit approach handle the distribution of costs and benefits?
It ensures equal distribution.
It does not take into account the distribution of costs and benefits.
It compensates everyone equally.
It focuses only on the benefits.
According to the act utilitarian approach, what should be considered when evaluating a course of action?
Whether it results in more good than any alternative course of action
Whether it is the easiest option
Whether it is the most popular option
Whether it is the least expensive option
What is the main difference between determining the consequences of a general practice (rule) and a single action in the rule utilitarian approach?
The general practice focuses on individual actions only.
The single action approach ignores consequences.
The rule utilitarian approach evaluates the consequences of a general practice rather than just a single action.
Both approaches are identical.
Why are normal adult human beings considered moral agents according to the respect for persons approach?
Because they can formulate goals or purposes of their own.
Because they are stronger than inanimate objects.
Because they follow all rules.
Because they are always just.
Strategically, how might the respect for persons approach influence the creation of laws or policies?
By ensuring laws protect the moral agency of individuals.
By focusing only on economic benefits.
By prioritizing the needs of inanimate objects.
By disregarding individual rights.
The effectiveness of the Golden Rule approach in handling workplace irresponsibility is demonstrated during previous lecture. Which statement best reflects this effectiveness?
It is not always effective because it may prevent necessary disciplinary actions, as shown when a manager cannot dismiss an irresponsible employee.
It is always effective because it ensures fairness.
It is effective only in large organizations.
It is never effective in any workplace situation.
What is the main purpose of the line-drawing method in ethical decision-making?
To calculate costs and benefits numerically
To compare clear ethical cases with unclear ones
To rank moral theories from best to worst
To justify decisions using laws only
What is meant by a “creative middle way” solution in resolving conflicting values?
Ignoring one value completely
Choosing the cheapest option
Finding a compromise that respects multiple values
Following rules without exception
Which of the following best represents common morality based on virtues?
Focusing on personal character traits
Following written laws strictly
Maximizing overall happiness
Calculating economic benefits
What is the main limitation of ethical models such as utilitarianism or duty-based ethics?
They are too simple to understand
They may not handle all real-world complexities
They always give the same answer
They ignore professional codes
What is the key difference between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism?
Act focuses on laws, rule focuses on character
Act judges individual actions, rule judges rules
Act ignores consequences, rule focuses on outcomes
There is no difference
Which approach asks whether an action would undermine itself if everyone did it?
Golden rule approach
Cost-benefit approach
Self-defeating approach
Rights approach
The golden rule approach is best summarized as:
Follow the law at all times
Treat others as you would like to be treated
Do what benefits the majority
Protect individual rights above all
Which ethical approach focuses primarily on respecting individual entitlements and freedoms?
Rights approach
Cost-benefit approach
Rule utilitarian approach
Line-drawing method
In the context of ethical theories, what does the term 'moral agent' refer to?
A system that evaluates actions based on outcomes
A group that enforces ethical standards
A person who always follows the law
An entity capable of making ethical decisions
Which ethical approach emphasizes the importance of character and virtues in moral decision-making?
Deontological approach
Utilitarian approach
Virtue ethics
Cost-benefit analysis
What is the primary focus of the virtue ethics approach in moral decision-making?
Developing good character traits
Following strict rules
Calculating costs and benefits
Maximizing overall happiness
How does the self-defeating approach evaluate the morality of an action?
By measuring its economic impact
By determining if it could be universally applied
By comparing it to historical precedents
By assessing its legality
