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Untitled Quiz

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

REVISION FOR THE 1ST TERM TEST Advertisement: International Cultural Festival in District 1, Ho Chi Minh City! "Join us for an exciting (1) ________ of diverse cultures at the District 1 Cultural Festival!

a)

celebration the annual

b)

annual cultural celebration

c)

festival colourful exciting

d)

event the big

2.

… Enjoy live music, traditional dances, and mouthwatering street food (2)________ around the world."

a)

which comes widely

b)

that made freshly

c)

which comes from

d)

that tastes differently

3.

Advertisement: International Cultural Festival in District 1, Ho Chi Minh City! "Immerse yourself in vibrant displays of art, fashion, and crafts (3) ________ are presented by talented artists."

a)

who

b)

whom

c)

which

d)

that

4.

"This year, the (4) ________, the more you learn about global traditions."

a)

more you explore

b)

more carefully explore

c)

more you fun

d)

more fun activities

5.

"Visitors can also join creative workshops to become more (5) ________ and take part in cultural games that make the festival even more exciting."

a)

creatively in mind

b)

creative and active

c)

creating new ideas

d)

creativity in style

6.

"Don’t forget to invite your friends and family! Make sure to (6) ________ the event schedule, mark your calendars, and get ready for an unforgettable cultural experience!"

a)

depend to on

b)

depend at on

c)

depend on it

d)

depend on the

7.

BEYOND SUCCESS

The Human Stories Behind Great Achievements

"Success is more than a final result—it is a long journey filled with lessons. Although many people admire great achievements, few understand the challenges that (1) ______ them."

a)

those

b)

them

c)

these

d)

they

8.

"Most innovators remember the mentors they once (2) ______ to for guidance during difficult moments."

a)

look out

b)

look in

c)

look up

d)

look after

9.

"Their resilience, built through years of effort, often became their strongest strength in times of adversity. After (3) ______ long failure, they continued moving forward until they finally reached their goals."

a)

a

b)

an

c)

the

d)

(no article)

10.

"Their determination has (4) ______ them to inspire others who dream of success."

a)

inspires

b)

inspired

c)

has inspired

d)

was inspiring

11.

"A (5) ______ of high achievers say that support from family and friends played an important role in their accomplishments."

a)

major

b)

majority

c)

majorly

d)

majors

12.

"These experiences have (6) ______ the way we understand achievement."

a)

shaped

b)

shaking

c)

shape

d)

shapes

13.

JOB ADVERTISEMENT: JOIN OUR TEAM ! "We are looking for a friendly, responsible, and hardworking person to join our growing company. Our company values teamwork, creativity, and a positive attitude, so we welcome applicants who are excited to develop professionally and contribute to (1) ______ working environment."

a)

our

b)

their

c)

your

d)

its

14.

"Willing (2) ______, improve, and handle customer questions."

a)

to learn more

b)

to look after

c)

to turn off

d)

to get through

15.

Include a short (3) ________explaining why you want to join our team

a)

a brief statement

b)

a clear stating

c)

a short stated

d)

an official state

16.

"We are (4) ______ hearing from you soon!"

a)

apply strongly for

b)

looking forward to

c)

waiting patiently for

d)

expecting happily to

17.

"Many applicants (5) ______ gained valuable experience after joining our team."

a)

have already successfully

b)

has just recently

c)

have sometimes never

d)

has ever rarely

18.

"… and these opportunities have (6) ______ their confidence in communication and customer service."

a)

shaped their confidence

b)

a shaped ability

c)

the shaping confidence

d)

an shaping skill

19.

Discover Green Valley City – A Modern Urban Destination

"Green Valley City, one of the fastest-growing urban areas in the region, has recently (1) ______ a small farming town into a lively modern centre."

a)

moved up from

b)

turned into from

c)

grown out of

d)

changed over from

20.

"Over the past decade, the city (2) ______ new housing zones, transport systems, and recreational areas that attract visitors and residents."

a)

built many areas

b)

created modern districts

c)

has developed strongly

d)

was improving slowly

21.

"These improvements have provided (3) ______ with better facilities, new job opportunities, and safer public spaces."

a)

its local people

b)

their young residents

c)

our city visitors

d)

your friendly neighbours

22.

"With its clean parks, friendly community, and innovative businesses, Green Valley offers (4) ______ unique lifestyle that blends tradition with modernity."

a)

a truly exciting

b)

an active cultural

c)

the beautiful modern

d)

a highly relaxing

23.

"Whether you want to study, work, or simply relax, Green Valley City is ready to welcome you and help you (5) ______ experiences."

a)

discover completely new

b)

look for exciting

c)

exploring many great

d)

enjoy every

24.

"Many travellers say that the city (6) ______ their view of urban life after spending time here."

a)

has changed entirely

b)

was changing slowly

c)

change their view

d)

changed their view

25.

a. Nam: Great! I’ll prepare my CV tonight. b. Quang: Our company is looking for a part-time assistant. You should apply. c. Nam: Really? I’ve been searching for a job all week.

a)

b – a – c

b)

c – b – a

c)

b – c – a

d)

c – a – b

26.

a. An: It could create more job opportunities, but traffic may get worse. b. Mai: What do you think about the city’s plan to build more shopping centres? c. An: I have mixed feelings about it.

a)

b – a – c

b)

b – c – a

c)

c – b – a

d)

a – c – b

27.

a. Linh: Really? I’d love to try some. I enjoy learning about food from different cultures. b. Tom: Sure! I’ll bring some homemade kimchi for you tomorrow. c. Aisha: My family just finished celebrating Eid last week. It was wonderful to see everyone together. d. Linh: That sounds amazing! What did you enjoy most about the celebration? e. Tom: Speaking of traditions, my family always makes a special Korean dish during the New Year.

a)

c – d – e – a – b

b)

a – c – d – b – e

c)

e – a – b – c – d

d)

d – c – a – e – b

28.

a. An: Exactly. Many people hope the improvements will make travelling easier. b. An: The population has grown quickly, and traffic congestion is getting worse. c. Mai: Not yet. Why are they expanding it? d. Mai: Makes sense. A better transport system could reduce pollution too. e. An: Have you seen the city’s new plan for expanding the metro system?

a)

e - c - b - d - a

b)

b – a – e – d – c

c)

a – b – e – c – d

d)

d – c – a – e – b

29.

a. Secondly, urbanisation creates more job opportunities. The concentration of businesses and industries in urban areas provides a wide range of employment options. b. In addition, urbanisation often leads to improved living conditions. Cities offer access to education, cultural events, and recreational activities. c. As cities grow, they invest in infrastructure such as roads, public transportation, and healthcare facilities. d. Urbanisation brings several advantages to communities. Firstly, it leads to the development of better facilities. e. In summary, urbanisation brings better facilities, more job opportunities, and improved living conditions.

a)

c – a – b – e – d

b)

d – c – b – a – e

c)

d – c – a – b – e

d)

d – c – e – a – b

30.

a. Second, the Youth Union should hold regular sessions to teach students how to recycle properly. b. To solve the problem of single-use plastics in our school, we propose the following solutions. c. Third, we recommend that we make use of plastic waste in arts and crafts projects, for example, for making plant pots or bird feeders. d. These solutions will lead to a greener school environment and help promote a green lifestyle among young people. e. First, we suggest that the school should provide more recycling bins.

a)

e – d – c – a – b

b)

b – a – e – d – c

c)

a – b – e – c – d

d)

b – e – a – c – d

31.

a. First, start with your name and contact information at the top. b. Also, make sure to include your education and any job experience you have. c. Then, you can use bullet points to list your skills and experience. d. To have a good CV, we should follow those steps. e. In short, a neat and well-organized CV shows you are professional and careful.

a)

d – c – b – e – a

b)

e – b – c – d – a

c)

d – b – e – c – a

d)

d – a – c – b – e

32.

a. Finally, teachers inspire curiosity and a love for learning, which are the foundations of any progressive society. b. The noblest profession of society is undoubtedly teaching. Firstly, teachers play a pivotal role in shaping the future of our youth, imparting knowledge and values that last a lifetime. c. It is a profession that truly makes a difference in the world. d. Secondly, they are often unsung heroes who work tirelessly to ensure that every child has the opportunity to learn and grow, regardless of their background. e. In conclusion, the teaching profession is not just a job; it's a calling that requires passion, dedication, and a deep commitment to nurturing the minds of the next generation.

a)

d – b – e – a – c

b)

b – d – a – e – c

c)

b – a – d – e – c

d)

b – d – a – e – c

33.

shop-assistant

“A shop assistant typically holds a high school diploma… (1) ________, classes in retail management, customer service, and business can provide a solid foundation for this role.”

a)

Because specific educational majors are not required

b)

While specific educational majors are not required

c)

When specific educational majors are not required

d)

While specific educational majors are not requiring

34.

"On-the-job training is described as a common pathway ________ in customer service, product knowledge, and sales techniques. "

a)

A. equipping assistants with necessary skills

b)

B. equip assistants with necessary skills

c)

C. equipping necessary skills with assistants

d)

D. equip necessary skills with assistants

35.

"Experience in customer‑facing roles can improve communication skills that are essential for “(3) ________ in this position.”

a)

its success

b)

our success

c)

their success

d)

his success

36.

“(4) ________. Dress codes are generally in place, ranging from casual to formal uniforms, reflecting the store's brand.”

a)

The typical nine‑to‑five can extend beyond weekends and holidays, including work hours.

b)

The typical nine‑to‑five can extend beyond work hours, including the typical nine‑to‑five.

c)

Work hours can extend beyond weekends and holidays, including the typical nine‑to‑five.

d)

Work hours can extend beyond the typical nine‑to‑five, including weekends and holidays.

37.

Besides, gaining experience in different departments broadens one’s understanding of the business: “(5) ________.”

a)

make them higher positions for an ideal candidate

b)

making them higher positions for an ideal candidate

c)

making them an ideal candidate for higher positions

d)

make them an ideal candidate for higher positions

38.

VO NGUYEN GIAP

The word “clever” in paragraph 4 is CLOSEST in meaning to ______.

a)

brave

b)

smart

c)

active

d)

strong

39.

In which paragraph does the passage talk about General Võ Nguyễn Giáp’s victories and smart military plans?

a)

Paragraph 3

b)

Paragraph 4

c)

Paragraph 5

d)

Paragraph 2

40.

Which of the following details is NOT mentioned in the passage?

a)

He taught in a university before joining the army.

b)

He helped protect Vietnam during the war against America.

c)

He fought in the First Indochina War.

d)

He became one of the first members of the Communist Party.

41.

"General Võ Nguyễn Giáp was born in Quảng Bình Province in 1911". What does this fact show about his background?

a)

He came from a patriotic family.

b)

He was trained as a soldier from childhood.

c)

He was born into a rich family.

d)

He studied abroad when he was young.

42.

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about General Võ Nguyên Giáo accoring to the passage?

a)

People still respected and loved him even after he retired from the army.

b)

His victory at Điện Biên Phủ took place in 1954.

c)

He participated in many student protests against foreign rulers.

d)

He was fond of complexity and only used purely traditional military plans.

43.

The word “he” in "Even after he stopped working in the army..." refers to ______.

a)

The Vietnamese people

b)

General Giáp

c)

The French soldiers

d)

President Hồ Chí Minh

44.

Which sentence has the same meaning as the underlined one?

He proved that one person’s hard work and courage can change the future of a nation.”

a)

He showed that hard work and courage can make a big difference for a country.

b)

He believed that people should work together to change the world.

c)

He thought only leaders could change the nation.

d)

He said courage was not important for success.

45.

The word “hard” in the sentence “Even though the battle was very hard…” is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

a)

easy

b)

difficult

c)

tough

d)

complex

46.

Meeting with General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong We are pleased to announce an important diplomatic meeting between General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong of (1) _____ Communist Party of Vietnam and the President of the United States.

a)

the

b)

an

c)

a

d)

no article

47.

"During the meeting, the leaders will discuss (2) ______ issues and cooperation plans. The more both sides communicate,"

a)

international

b)

nation

c)

nationality

d)

internationally

48.

...,the (3) ______ their relationship becomes. The program also includes a short press conference,...

a)

strong

b)

stronger

c)

the stronger

d)

strongest

49.

...,which aims to provide (4) ______ information for the public.

This meeting highlights key areas that both countries are interested in working on, including trade and sustainable development.

a)

clearly

b)

clarity

c)

clear

d)

clearing

50.

For (5) ______ details, please visit the official website or follow the announcement published (6) ______ on national television.

a)

more

b)

many

c)

few

d)

most

51.

..., please visit the official website or follow the announcement published (6) ______ on national television.

a)

live

b)

lively

c)

alive

d)

living

52.

Want to become a chef? If you dream of becoming a professional chef, our apprenticeship programme is the perfect place to begin your journey. Here, you will learn essential culinary skills (1) _____ experienced chefs who have worked in many multicultural kitchens.

a)

to

b)

in

c)

from

d)

at

53.

The programme helps you gain a valuable (2) _____ in the food industry and understand how a real restaurant operates.

a)

wage

b)

responsibility

c)

position

d)

leadership

54.

The more you practise, the (3) _____ your cooking becomes,...

a)

better

b)

more

c)

best

d)

most

55.

...,especially when you work with mentors (4) ______ guide you every day.

a)

who

b)

which

c)

where

d)

what

56.

You will also develop into (5) ______ confident, hard‑working chef who can create dishes that reflect both creativity and green living.

a)

an

b)

Ø (no article)

c)

the

d)

a

57.

Join us now to start building a future (6) ______ passion meets opportunity in the world of work.

a)

time

b)

job

c)

place

d)

level

58.

City Life: Then and Now Exhibition Step back in time and discover how city life has transformed over the years! The new exhibition, “City Life: Then and Now”, showcases the (1) _____ of urban living, from traditional lifestyles to modern innovations.

a)

evolve

b)

evolution

c)

evolving

d)

evolved

59.

Visitors will enjoy (2) _____ displays of vintage photographs, creative artworks, and historical artefacts.

a)

strong

b)

stunning

c)

heavy

d)

strict

60.

The exhibition features a (3) _____ of engaging activities, including guided tours and interactive zones.

a)

variety

b)

various

c)

vary

d)

varied

61.

Thanks to the experts (4) _____ prepared every detail, the event highlights the contrast between the bustling streets of the past and today’s fast-paced digital world.

a)

who

b)

which

c)

where

d)

what

62.

Organisers have made great efforts to ensure the event is accessible and enjoyable for all ages. The more you explore, the (5) _____ you understand how cities change over time.

a)

more better

b)

better

c)

the better

d)

the more better

63.

Don’t hesitate (6) _____ the City Museum next week to experience this inspiring journey.

a)

to visit

b)

visit

c)

visiting

d)

to visiting

64.

To Conserve Energy, Start at Home! In the U.S., buildings ______ (1) 40% of total energy consumption. The number of families choosing energy-saving appliances has grown steadily in recent years.

a)

account for

b)

take out

c)

pick up

d)

go off

65.

Last year, many families _____ (2) more energy because they were not aware of efficient habits.

a)

used

b)

were using

c)

have used

d)

use

66.

...,and this unnecessary energy ______ (3) leads to higher bills and environmental damage.

a)

consume

b)

consumption

c)

consuming

d)

consumer

67.

LED bulbs use up to 80% less electricity and last longer, helping reduce your monthly ______ (4).

a)

awards

b)

wages

c)

bills

d)

pensions

68.

Many electronics continue to use electricity even when turned off, so unplug chargers, laptops, and _____ (5) devices to prevent energy loss.

a)

others

b)

other

c)

another

d)

the others

69.

They reduce carbon emissions and provide _____ (6) sustainable long-term solution.

a)

a

b)

an

c)

the

d)

Ø (no article)

70.

London’s Tropical Carnival London’s Tropical Carnival is an annual three-day festival that _____ (1) on the last weekend of August. It celebrates Caribbean cultural diversity in the UK and takes place on the lively streets of Notting Hill in West London.

a)

takes place

b)

breaks out

c)

comes across

d)

puts on

71.

There are many cultural activities to enjoy, and you may feel as though you were in _____ (2) Caribbean.

a)

a

b)

an

c)

the

d)

Ø (no article)

72.

Last year, thousands of people _____ (3) the parade for the first time.

a)

watch

b)

watched

c)

were watching

d)

have watched

73.

You can also enjoy eye-catching dance shows and listen to lively traditional music at the UK’s biggest _____ (4) band competition.

a)

steep

b)

steeply

c)

steeping

d)

steepen

74.

The delicious _____ (5) of Caribbean cuisine fills the air. Visitors can try spicy jerk chicken, goat curry, and corn on the cob.

a)

smell

b)

scent

c)

aroma

d)

flavour

75.

They can enjoy these dishes with smooth carrot juice while exploring _____ (6) exciting traditions of the carnival.

a)

another

b)

other

c)

the other

d)

the others

76.

a. Mitch: It's hard to predict who will. Kim can sing beautifully, but James has fantastic magic tricks that always amaze everyone. It'll be interesting to watch. b. Joe: Who do you think will win the TV talent show tonight - Kim or James? c. Ann: I think Kim might win. Her singing really connects with people. But you’re right, Mitch - James is incredible too! Let’s see who the audience loves more tonight!

a)

a – b – c

b)

b – a – c

c)

a – c – b

d)

c – a – b

77.

a. Mark: It’s late. Let’s start! b. Mark: Should we start the meeting now or should we wait for Mai? c. Nam: She's going to be late. She's just texted me to let me know that she's missed the bus.

a)

a – c – b

b)

c – a – b

c)

b – c – a

d)

a – b – c

78.

a. Linh: I read an article about a doctor who saved hundreds of children in remote areas. b. Nam: Wow! What made him decide to work in such difficult places? c. Linh: He grew up there and wanted to help families who couldn’t afford healthcare. d. Nam: That explains why people admire him so much. e. Linh: Yes, his story really inspires many young medical students.

a)

a – b – c – d – e

b)

a – c – b – d – e

c)

b – a – c – e – d

d)

c – a – b – d – e

79.

a. Hoa: Do you want to join our school’s recycling project this month? b. Minh: Recycling project? What does it involve? c. Hoa: We collect plastic bottles and teach students how to sort waste. d. Minh: That’s cool! I’ve always wanted to do something good for the environment. e. Hoa: Great! I’ll send you the schedule this afternoon.

a)

a – b – c – d – e

b)

b – c – a – d – e

c)

a – c – b – d – e

d)

c – a – b – e – d

80.

a. Finally, doing exercise daily helps in producing cells in the hippocampus, which helps you to learn and control memory. b. In addition, it helps in developing your muscles. It also helps in improving the oxygen level and blood flow of the body. c. First of all, it helps in maintaining your weight. d. Exercise has a lot of benefits in today’s world. e. Moreover, it helps you reduce weight if you are overweight.

a)

b – e – d – a – c

b)

e – d – c – b – a

c)

d – a – b – e – c

d)

d – c – e – b – a

81.

a. First, what are the university entry requirements for international students in the UK? b. Dear Kevin, I hope you well! I am writing to ask you for some information and advice on higher education in your country. c. What’s more, what types of accommodation are available for international students? d. Do I have to take any university entrance examinations if I have a certificate of secondary school graduation and a transcript of marks for all subjects? e. I wish you and your family the best Regards,

a)

c – e – a – d – b

b)

c – a – e – d – b

c)

b – a – d – c – e

d)

a – b – d – c – e

82.

a. Vo Thi Sau was a remarkable Vietnamese schoolgirl who became involved in revolutionary activities. She joined the Viet Minh and became a guerrilla fighter at a very young age. b. Take care, and I look forward to catching up soon! Warm regards, Thanh c. Unfortunately, she was apprehended by the French authorities and executed by firing squad when she was only 19 years old. d. Her grave, located in Hang Duong Cemetery, stands as a symbol of her courage and the revolutionary spirit. It's a place of great historical significance, and I felt honored to pay my respects there. e. Dear Ann, I hope this letter finds you well. I recently had the opportunity to visit Vo Thi Sau's grave in Con Dao, Vietnam.

a)

e – d – a – b – c

b)

d – b – a – c – e

c)

e – a – c – d – b

d)

b – c – e – a – d

83.

a. In addition, urbanization has spurred improvements in infrastructure, such as better roads and public transportation, which enhance the quality of life for city dwellers. b. Last but not least, the growth of cities has fostered cultural exchange and innovation, contributing to a more dynamic and diverse society. c. Urbanization in Vietnam has brought numerous benefits to the country's socio-economic development. d. In conclusion, while urbanization presents challenges, its advantages are pivotal in propelling Vietnam towards a more prosperous future. e. To begin with, the concentration of services and industries in urban areas has created more job opportunities, leading to a reduction in poverty.

a)

a – e – c – b – d

b)

c – e – a – b – d

c)

a – c – e – b – d

d)

d – a – e – b – c

84.

EARPHONES

I think earphones are probably the most important invention of modern times (21)        .

Earphones stop you annoying other people in the same room. For example, you could not play music, watch movies with the sound up, or play games without being told to “turn the sound down!” if you did not have them.

a)

because in many ways they have changed our lives

b)

because they have changed our lives in many ways

c)

when they have changed our lives in many ways

d)

which they have changed our lives in many ways

85.

Earphones are great for journeys, such as going to school or ((22)        because you can listen to podcasts or music (23)        .I always listen to something on the school bus, so I do not get bored, and it makes the journey seem quicker, too.

a)

to travel on trips

b)

travelling on trips

c)

travelson trips

d)

traveled on trips

86.

...because you can listen to podcasts or music (23)        .I always listen to something on the school bus, so I do not get bored, and it makes the journey seem quicker, too.

a)

while you traveling

b)

while you traveled

c)

while you travel

d)

while you were traveling

87.

 ecological footprint

More and more people are looking at ways to reduce their ecological footprint: driving less, eating less meat, and (1) _________. As individuals, we are increasingly aware of the impact we have on the planet and our fellow humans. But is greening our own lifestyle enough?

a)

to wear sustainable fashions

b)

wearing sustainable fashions

c)

to wear sustainability fashions

d)

wearing sustainability fashions

88.

By getting involved in our communities, by talking to our neighbours, by supporting local groups, and by reimagining where we live, we can green not only our own lifestyles, but our streets, neighbourhoods, towns, cities and, ultimately, our societies. (2) _________.

a)

Who we know may even make friends doing it

b)

We don’t know we may even make friends doing it

c)

Who knows, we may even make friends doing it

d)

Who knows that we may even make friends doing it

89.

Limiting car use can be a great way of reducing your individual carbon footprint, but it doesn’t end there. (3) _________,

a)

When we walk, cycle, or take the train or bus

b)

To walk, cycle or take the train or bus

c)

Having walked, cycled, or taken the train or bus

d)

Walk, cycle, or take the train or bus

90.

..., we also help make it easier for others to do the same, and it can be a great way of meeting people. More tips on redefining travel can be found here. You can even help others by (4) _________ - could you set up a car club or a walking bus to get the kids to school?

a)

supporting alternatives that set up projects

b)

supporting projects that set up alternatives

c)

setting up projects and support alternatives

d)

setting up projects that support alternatives

91.

From energy efficiency measures to local community action, there are countless ways to get (5) _________ or church members involved.

a)

our fellow club

b)

your fellow club

c)

its fellow club

d)

their fellow club

92.

HAWAII

Which sentence is another way of saying:

“The future of our beaches, our seas, and the food chain is at risk”?


a)

The beaches, seas, and food chain might be threatened.

b)

The beaches and seas are fully safe.

c)

The food chain is not affected by plastic.

d)

The environment is developing quickly.

93.

The word transformed in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to        .

a)

changed

b)

kept

c)

checked

d)

broken

94.

The word they in paragraph 3 refers to        .

a)

beaches

b)

fish

c)

consequences

d)

oceans

95.

According to paragraph 4, both Bangladesh and Kenya        ..

a)

have used more and more plastic bags

b)

have produced a lot of plastic bags

c)

do not use plastic bags any more

d)

encourage the use of plastic bags

96.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

a)

Hawaii is protected from plastic rubbish.

b)

One huge garbage area in the oceans is in the North Atlantic.

c)

The UK has introduced a tax on plastic bags.

d)

Production and use of plastic are now out of control.

97.

The phrase at risk in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to        .

a)

refused

b)

accepted

c)

threatened

d)

developed

98.

In which paragraph can you find information about the countries that stopped using plastic bags?


a)

Paragraph 2

b)

Paragraph 4

c)

Paragraph 1

d)

Paragraph 3

99.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?


a)

Plastic waste is forming huge garbage areas in the oceans.

b)

Plastic bags have been banned in some countries.

c)

Sea turtles are unaffected by plastic.

d)

Plastic affects the food chain.