Plastic ______ is more durable, but it is not good for the environment.

My father's company currently ______ 50 workers in total.

If you are interested in the job, please write your ______ letter and send it to me.

Local ______ have expressed concerns about the increase in traffic due to the new shopping mall.

There are few employment prospects in the town for ______ young people.

Thomas Edison's ______ achievement in developing the first practical electric light bulb revolutionized the way the world illuminated the night.

Globalization allows for a greater ______ of international dishes, such as Italian pizza and Japanese sushi, to be enjoyed in many countries.

It is becoming worrying that rivers, lakes, and oceans are ______ by large farms and transport industries.

The documentary highlighted his ______ genius as it followed his journey from a young talent to a world-renowned artist.

Vo Nguyen Giap was widely recognized as a ______ genius for his pivotal role in leading Vietnamese forces during the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War.

Many Vietnamese young men volunteered to join the army during the ______ war against France.

The company’s sales have doubled since the introduction of new ______ technology.

Despite the ______, he managed to communicate his ideas to the committee.

The process of ______ has made it easier for people to share and enjoy different cultural traditions around the world.

______ refers to feelings of confusion or anxiety that people may have when experiencing a new and different culture.

Globalization can sometimes cause smaller cultures to lose their ______ of identity as they blend into dominant ones.

Learning about cultural ______ helps understand different ways of thinking about the world, gain new knowledge and experiences, and promote personal growth.

Organic waste such as fruit and vegetables can ______ more quickly than other materials.

I decided to fly less in order to reduce my ______.

The city's ______ of public transportation systems has made commuting much easier for its growing population.

A ______ network of services, including electricity and water supply, is essential for the functioning of densely populated urban areas.

Living in the city is often more ______, with easy access to shops, services, and entertainment.

One of the challenges of urbanization is ensuring that housing remains ______ for all income levels.

The rapid process of ______ has significantly transformed many rural areas into bustling cities.

Due to the high ______ of living, many residents find it difficult to live comfortably in the city.

During ______ hour, the streets become heavily congested, making commuting a stressful experience.

To better serve its growing population, the city plans to ______ its public transportation network.

The government is working to ______ the city's infrastructure to make it more efficient.

The city is heavily investing in ______ transport to enhance the overall living standards for its inhabitants.

Many people move to the city seeking better ______ that they can't find in rural areas.

The city's ______ needs to be upgraded to handle the growing population.

There is a severe ______ of affordable housing in the city.

High levels of ______ in large cities can lead to various social challenges, including increased crime rates.

The newly developed mall offers extensive ______ activities for shopping, dining, and entertainment.

The old town is known for its beautiful French ______ buildings, which attract many tourists.

As the area developed, the farmland was ______ replaced by residential neighborhoods.

The rising crime rates in the city are a major ______ for local residents.

The population of the city is ______ growing, putting pressure on infrastructure and services.

As the population grows, more individuals ______ affordable housing options in urban areas.

Parks and green spaces are essential for city ______ to relax and escape the urban environment.

The local government is ______ working to improve public services and infrastructure.

The city's historic buildings ______ back to the 18th century, showcasing beautiful architecture.

She had to work on a ______ last night, so she is very tired this morning.

Sarah prefers to find a(n) ______ job with a stable income.

Those who have exceptional performance throughout the year will be awarded a year-end _______.

Candidates must have necessary ______ and at least two years of experience working as a sales representative.

Not all teenagers are well ______ for their future job when they are at high school.

Qualifications and ______ are two most important factors that help you get a good job.

Before the interview, you have to send a letter of ______ and your résumé to the company.

There’s still a ______ for a customer service representative at the car repair shop.

Recent recruits will undergo ______ training to acquaint themselves with company procedures.

Due to the increased demand, employees had to work ______ to meet the deadlines.

Being well-dressed and punctual can help you create a good ______ on your interviewer.

The questions are the central point of the whole interview procedure and should be planned ______.

Although we've been interviewing all day, we haven't managed to find a ______ applicant.

She ______ when she found out she had been accepted into her dream university.

His mother ______ when he played video games until midnight.

I was ______ when I knew Steve Jobs would come to my school to give a presentation.

Anna organized a few games to ______ the ice when the new students first arrived.

They hope to ______ a cure for the disease.

Although it was more than an hour late, the superstar finally showed up and ______ the attention of the audience.

Don't worry, we'll try to ______ the problems and find a solution for everyone.

Tony was totally opposed but if you give him some time to think about what you said, I'm sure he will ______ to your point of view.

Uncle Ho was admired ______ his dedication to the Vietnamese independence movement and his profound love for the people.

Billions of trees are cut down every year, releasing carbon dioxide back into the air and contributing ______ climate change.

Many household items are full ______ plastics, which can be harmful to the environment if not disposed of correctly.

We apologize ______ the lack of eco-friendly options in our product line and are working to improve this.

I deeply care ______ reducing my carbon footprint by adopting a green living lifestyle.

I'm planning to apply ______ a scholarship to further my studies in environmental science.

Many people look ______ eco-friendly alternatives to everyday products to reduce their carbon footprint.

He decided to ______ college after the first semester because he felt unfulfilled by the courses.

We must prepare ______ the upcoming environmental conference by gathering all relevant data and research.

You can look ______ information on sustainable living practices online to get started.

Many communities rely ______ clean energy sources to reduce their carbon emissions.

At 7 p.m yesterday, we ______ a documentary about Vietnamese national heroes.

When I went to get the tickets, I realised I ______ any money.

While the kids ______ in the backyard, I ______ dinner.

While the teacher ______ the life story of Uncle Ho, everyone in our class ______ notes carefully.

In 1927, General Vo Nguyen Giap ______ the Communist Party of Viet Nam.

She ______ to music when she suddenly ______ a sharp pain.

I was revising for my civics class when my dad ______ me about the volunteer job.

When Peter ______ some photos of the wildlife reserve, it started to rain heavily.

I ______ an online article about General Vo Nguyen Giap when my friend ______.

As she ______ a letter last night, the lights suddenly ______ out.

John ______ as a journalist since he ______ from university in 2000.

Since motion pictures ______, we have had a new kind of entertainment.

The project on expanding the road ______ since it ______ last year.

He has gone to the UK for further education since he ______ upper secondary school.

This is the second time I ______ this city. I have noticed a lot of changes here.

Starting her own business is the best decision my sister ______ in her life.

Leaving the countryside to live in a crowded city is the worst decision he ______ in his life.

This is the first time we ______ such an interesting talk about urbanisation in Viet Nam.

I haven’t seen him for months. ______

He started working as a teacher five years ago.

He started living here three years ago.

This is the first time I have tried sushi.

They started living in this city five years ago.

The last time he visited his hometown was five years ago.

She last saw her best friend two months ago.

Due to rapid urbanisation, our city is becoming _________.

It is getting ________ difficult for young people to find jobs if they don't have any skills.

The more people move to the big city, ______ pollution becomes.

After only a month, my brother got bored at work and found his job ______ attractive.

The higher property prices are, ______ city dwellers can afford.

The market for tablets is becoming ______ all the time.

My dad's eyesight is getting _____. He can hardly see anything these days.

Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become ________.

Unfortunately, her illness was _____ than we thought at first.

The more houses we build, ______ space we have for planting trees.

The more tasks I need to finish, ________ stressed I become.

The more time you spend studying, ______ your grades will be.

The traffic in the city is getting ______ as more people buy cars.

The more you practice speaking English, ______ you become.

As the city expands, it is becoming ______ to find affordable housing.

The more technology advances, ______ our lives become.

Housing is getting more and more expensive in big cities, so many local residents can't afford to buy their own place.

The more houses are built, the less space we have for plants and trees.

The more people move into big cities, the higher the unemployment is.

Daniel inherited the whole legacy of his grandma when she ______ last week.

Vo Thi Sau ______ attacks against French colonial forces, becoming a symbol of resistance and courage in Vietnam's struggle for independence.

Although he ______ after high school, he went on to become a leading figure in technology.

Many popular martial arts, such as karate and judo, ______ Japan.

The job is not well-paid, ____ it will give you the opportunity to learn about the food industry.

She decided to learn English ______ she will have a better chance of finding a job with a multinational company.

______ Mai starts looking for a job or she continues her education at a vocational school.

______ I was young, I wanted to be a doctor like my father.

Mary wants to become an accountant ______ she wants to follow in her father's footsteps.

Being a nurse is a very tiring job, ______ you don't earn a high salary.

Please send your application letter to the hiring manager ______ you want to apply for the job.

My father's job seems very easy and boring, ______ it is quite well-paid.

People in small towns or villages live a happy life ______ they lack modern facilities.

______ Mary appeared confident in the job interview, she didn't know much about the company.

______ the work is challenging; the job offers excellent career growth.

He is proficient in multiple languages; ______ he is considering a job in translation.

Choose the correct order of sentences a–e to form a coherent paragraph about reducing environmental impact when shopping. a. This also means that you should avoid plastic packaging and try to use cloth shopping bags whenever possible. b. First, put only what you really need on the shopping list and stick to it to reduce your impact on the environment. c. In fact, there are a lot of inexpensive, throwaway products available, whether they be for electronics, toys, furniture, clothing, or home décor. d. In addition, if you buy less things, there will eventually be less packaging to go to landfills. e. That's definitely not good for the environment, and we need to take action in changing our shopping habits. Options: A. a – b – e – a – c B. e – b – a – d – c C. c – e – d – b – a D. c – e – b – d – a

Exercise 2. Choose the correct order of sentences a–f to form a coherent letter to the editor about urbanisation. a. I would still believe that utilising the efficiency advantages of urbanisation, we can turn it into a positive transformation opportunity. b. To begin with, because urban regions have higher housing densities and better energy and material utilisation, urbanisation can lessen the overall environmental footprint of a nation. c. Therefore, a preferred plan is an urban science advisory system that considers both climate and natural factors. d. Urban density is also necessary for the effective implementation of innovative new technologies, such as district heating networks, that are essential to both climate and natural transitions. e. For me, urbanization is the answer to developing countries' current problems. f. People may argue that developing countries have to face various challenges. Options: A. a – e – b – d – f – c B. e – f – c – d – a – b C. a – e – f – d – b – c D. e – b – d – c – f – a

Exercise 3. Choose the correct order of sentences a–f to form a coherent informal email about a neighbourhood green campaign. a. The initiative aims to encourage residents to adopt eco-friendly practices like recycling, reducing waste, and conserving energy. b. I'm so thrilled to be part of this effort, and I thought you might be interested too. c. Guess what, our neighbourhood has just launched a green campaign to promote sustainability and environmental awareness. d. Let's join forces and get involved in making our neighbourhood greener together. e. I hope you're doing well! f. Looking forward to hearing from you. Best wishes, Tracy Options: A. c – a – f – b – d – e B. e – a – c – b – d – f C. e – c – a – b – d – f D. c – e – a – b – d – f

Exercise 4. Choose the correct order of sentences a–f to form a coherent letter about the benefits of part-time jobs for students. a. To begin with, students who work part-time can improve their studies and gain a deeper understanding of whatever they learn in school. b. I hope you are doing well! I have been thinking about why it's important for students to have a part time job. c. Finally, having a part-time job helps students to learn how to manage their time well by learning to appreciate and utilize their free time. d. Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to discussing this further with you. e. What's more, students who have part-time jobs while in school are in a position to understand the value of money, thus making wise financial decisions in the future. f. Overall, I believe that students benefit greatly from engaging in part-time jobs. Best wishes, Kim Options: A. b – e – f – a – c – d B. b – f – a – e – d – c C. b – a – e – c – f – d D. c – b – f – a – e – d

Exercise 5. Choose the correct order of sentences a–e to form a coherent paragraph about single-use plastics. a. These products, including straws, bags, and cutlery, often end up in landfills and oceans, contributing to pollution and harming wildlife. b. While these solutions may require changes in consumer habits and production methods, they can significantly lessen the impact on our planet. c. Many countries are now considering alternatives, such as biodegradable materials or reusable options, to reduce plastic waste. d. The widespread use of single-use plastic items has created significant environmental challenges. e. However, the sustainability of these alternatives remains questionable. Options: A. d – a – c – b – e B. d – b – c – e – a C. d – c – a – b – e D. d – e – a – c – b

Exercise 6. Choose the correct order of sentences a–f to form a coherent formal email requesting university information. Dear Sir/Madam, a. I am very much interested in an undergraduate course on English in Cambridge university. b. I've read a lot about tertiary study in the UK and was very impressed by the reputation of many famous universities there. c. Could you please also send me some information about the admission requirements for the university, tuition fees, accommodation and details of the course? d. I am ready to supply any information about myself if necessary. e. I look forward to hearing from you soon. f. Now I am in the last year of high school and will finish secondary education in 3 months. Options: A. b – f – a – c – d – e B. a – b – c – f – d – e C. f – a – b – c – d – e D. b – c – f – a – d – e

Exercise 7. Choose the correct order of sentences a–e to form a coherent dialogue about career plans. a. David: That's a great reason! I think you will thrive in that role. b. Mia: I'm thinking about pursuing a career in marketing. c. David: Hey, Mia! Have you decided what you want to do after graduation? d. David: That sounds interesting! What attracted you to that field? e. Mia: I love being creative and working with people. Options: A. c – e – a – b – d B. c – b – d – e – a C. d – e – a – b – c D. d – b – c – e – a

Exercise 8. Choose the correct order of sentences a–d to form a coherent dialogue about weekend plans. a. Ann: Do you have any plans for this Saturday evening? b. Mai: Sounds great. c. Ann: Yes, I love to. How about going to a music show? d. Mai: No, I don't. Shall we do something together? Options: A. d – a – b – c B. a – c – d – b C. a – b – c – d D. a – d – c – b

Exercise 9. Choose the correct order of sentences a–e to form a coherent dialogue between Lan and her mother. a. Lan: It's Mai's birthday, Mum. Is it OK if I stay the night at her house after the party? b. Lan's mother: Certainly. Whose birthday is it? c. Lan: Mum, Can I go to my friend's birthday party this Saturday evening? d. Lan's mother: Oh, I'm afraid not. You must come back home before 10 pm. We're going to visit your grandparents early on Sunday morning e. Lan: OK, Mum. I'll be home before 10 p.m. then Options: A. c – d – a – b – e B. e – b – a – d – c C. a – b – c – d – c D. c – b – a – d – e

Exercise 10. Choose the correct order of sentences a–e to form a coherent job application introduction.

a. I gained my experience from a volunteer project at my local community centre and I worked with experienced and devoted teachers for over 6 months.
b. I’m writing this in response to your company’s job advertisement on Facebook.
c. I wish to learn more about the art of teaching young children and cooperate with such an energetic and professional company as yours.
d. With my experience, I would like to apply for the position of Maths teaching assistant.
e. I’m an eighteen-year-old student with 2 years of experience in tutoring young learners in Maths class.

PART 2 – Task 1. Choose the sentence that best completes the transformation using the prompt in brackets. Prompt: The last time I visited Ho Chi Minh city was 5 years ago. (FOR)

PART 2 – Task 1. Choose the sentence that best completes the transformation using the prompt in brackets. Prompt: I have not seen such a tall skyscraper like this before. (TIME)

PART 2 – Task 1. Choose the sentence that best completes the transformation using the prompt in brackets. Prompt: You are visiting a museum. You have never visited it before. (first time)

PART 2 – Task 1. Choose the sentence that best completes the transformation using the prompt in brackets. Prompt: You are seeing a very tall building. You have never seen a building taller than this one. (tallest)

PART 2 – Task 1. Choose the sentence that best completes the transformation using the prompt in brackets. Prompt: You are staying at a hotel where you have stayed twice before. (third time)