Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. Green Living: How to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint Let's take small steps together for a greener, healthier future! Why Does Your Carbon Footprint Matter? The impact of our carbon footprint on climate change is undeniable, but how we address it is (7) ______ matter. By making sustainable choices, we can help protect our planet. Reducing carbon emissions effectively (8) ______ immediate changes in our daily habits. Easy Steps to Get Started: • Choose public (9) ______ over driving whenever possible. Cycling or walking are even better alternatives that reduce emissions and keep you healthy. • Conserve energy at home by turning off lights when they aren't needed. Unplug your devices (10) ______ leaving them on standby. Even small actions like these can save a lot of power over time. • Whenever possible, (11) ______ for plant-based meals, as they offer a wide variety of nutritious options. Supporting local farmers also helps lower the environmental cost of food (12) ______.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. In the year 2040, cities around the world will look drastically different from today. Advances in technology and urban planning (18) ______. For instance, smart homes equipped with energy-efficient systems will be commonplace, reducing energy consumption by up to 50%. Additionally, public transportation will rely on electric and autonomous vehicles, making commuting safer and more convenient. One city that exemplifies this future is EcoVille (19) ______. By incorporating vertical gardens and solar panels, the city aims to become carbon neutral by 2045. Moreover, EcoVille will feature pedestrian-friendly walkways that encourage residents to walk or cycle, promoting a healthier lifestyle. In this future city, technology will play a crucial role in everyday life. (20) ______. Furthermore, community centers equipped with virtual reality systems will offer residents unique learning opportunities and access to global resources. Having embraced these advancements, (21) ______ and serve as a model for other cities around the globe. (22) ______. These strategies aim to ensure that EcoVille remains resilient and adaptable to changing circumstances.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Hygiene has played a vital role in human civilization throughout history. Ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, were among the first to recognize the importance of cleanliness for health. They practiced bathing and used natural oils to maintain personal hygiene. The Romans even built elaborate public bathhouses, which became social centers for relaxation and sanitation. These early efforts showed an understanding that hygiene was linked to overall well-being. During the Middle Ages, however, attitudes towards hygiene changed significantly. The spread of diseases like the Black Death led people to believe that bathing could make them more vulnerable to infections. As a result, frequent bathing became rare, and cleanliness was not prioritized. Many people relied on strong perfumes to cover body odor, while poor waste management in cities created unsanitary conditions. This lack of hygiene contributed to widespread illness and high mortality rates. The 19th century marked a turning point in the understanding of hygiene with the rise of scientific discoveries. Pioneers like Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister demonstrated the link between germs and diseases, leading to improved medical practices and public health measures. The introduction of handwashing and sterilization in hospitals greatly reduced infection rates. Public awareness campaigns and government regulations began to promote better hygiene in everyday life. Today, hygiene remains a crucial aspect of public health and daily routines. Advancements in technology have made access to clean water and sanitation facilities more widespread. People now understand the importance of practices like handwashing, brushing teeth, and proper waste disposal. The history of hygiene reflects humanity's ongoing efforts to protect health and prevent disease, proving its significance across time.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. [I] Stress has become a significant problem for many students in today’s educational environment. [II] Many students feel stressed because of heavy workloads, tough exams, and the high expectations set by parents and teachers. [III] This stress can impact both their mental and physical health, making it challenging to concentrate and perform well academically. [IV] One of the primary causes of stress at school is the intense pressure to succeed. Students are frequently expected to excel in all subjects, participate in extracurricular activities, and complete assignments on time. The fear that they might fail or not meet expectations can lead to self-doubt and anxiety. Moreover, the competition for top grades and college admissions has increased, adding even more pressure. This kind of stress can cause students to feel overwhelmed, especially when they struggle to balance their studies with other aspects of their lives. Another contributing factor to school stress is social pressure. Many students face challenges such as bullying, peer pressure, or the need to fit in with their classmates. These social issues can make school a stressful place, causing students to feel isolated or excluded. Additionally, the widespread use of social media has created new sources of stress, as students often compare their lives to the seemingly perfect lives of others online. This comparison can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem, further increasing their stress levels. There are several effective ways to help students manage stress at school. Providing access to mental health resources, such as counseling services, can offer students a safe space to express their concerns. Schools can also organize stress management workshops that teach relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and meditation. Encouraging students to practice good time management and get enough sleep can improve their ability to handle stress. Finally, support from teachers and parents, who emphasize the importance of effort over perfection, can make a significant difference in reducing stress.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6. JOB ADVERTISEMENT: OFFICE ASSISTANT! We are searching for a dedicated and (1) ______ office assistant to join our team. You will have the opportunity to grow and learn in a(n) (2) ______ where your ideas and contributions will be valued. The candidate (3) ______ in a fast-paced setting will assist with scheduling, answering calls, and client support. You will also have some downtime, so you can even (4) ______ a nap during longer breaks! To apply, simply fill in an application form and send it (5) ______ our HR department. We offer a great work-life balance and a chance to grow with our team. Don’t hesitate (6) ______ and join our dynamic company culture! Contact Us: Email your application to hr@company.com or call us at (415) 987-6543 for more information.

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. STEM Education: Inspiring the Next Generation Unlock your potential with STEM! Why is STEM Important? STEM (7) ______ Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. It’s an educational approach that combines these subjects to foster critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Each subject in STEM helps students build up a unique set of abilities, preparing them for a wide (8) ______ of careers. Every lesson inspires creativity, collaboration, and innovation, shaping students into future leaders in their fields. How to Get Involved: • Join local STEM clubs and events: Each club offers unique activities, from coding challenges to science fairs, providing a fun way for students to learn new skills. Participating in these events helps students connect with peers who share similar (9) ______ in STEM. • Enroll your child in STEM programs or workshops: These programs offer hands-on learning experiences and real-world (10) ______ of STEM concepts. Each workshop is designed to engage students with interactive projects. (11) ______, the activities make learning both educational and enjoyable. • Encourage hands-on projects and experiments at home: Set up a small science corner where each family member can participate in fun experiments. This not only (12) ______ curiosity but also builds confidence in problem-solving and critical thinking.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.

Read the following passage about Pokemon Go and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. Pokemon Go, a popular augmented reality game, (18) ______. It allows players to catch virtual creatures, called Pokemon, in real-world locations using their smartphones. With its unique concept and interactive features, Pokemon Go has transformed mobile gaming. Even years after its release, it remains a widely played game around the world. The game uses a map-based system where players can find and catch different Pokemon. These creatures are part of the well-known Pokemon franchise (19) ______. Players must walk around to encounter Pokemon, promoting physical activity. Pokemon Go has had a significant impact on both the gaming and fitness communities. One of the main features of the game is its social aspect. (20) ______. This sense of community has helped maintain the game's popularity, as players can interact with each other. (21) ______. By working together, they can achieve goals that would be difficult to accomplish alone. (22) ______, the game brought several improvements. One of the key updates was the addition of remote raids, which allowed players to join group events from their homes. These changes kept the game engaging for both new and experienced players. As a result, Pokemon Go has maintained its popularity and continues to make an impact on the gaming world.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30. Mass tourism refers to the phenomenon of large numbers of people visiting popular destinations. This form of tourism has become widespread in recent decades, fueled by affordable travel options and increasing disposable incomes. Cities and natural attractions that were once reserved for the privileged are now accessible to the general public, allowing millions to experience different cultures and landscapes. One of the most noticeable effects of mass tourism is environmental degradation. Popular destinations, particularly those with fragile ecosystems, suffer from overcrowding, pollution, and the depletion of local resources. Coastal areas, for example, face damage from excessive waste, and heritage sites can suffer from wear and tear due to large crowds. Local communities also feel the strain as infrastructure struggles to keep up with the demands of thousands of visitors. Economically, mass tourism can bring substantial revenue to destinations, creating jobs and supporting local businesses. Hotels, restaurants, and transport services benefit directly from the influx of visitors. Although the benefits are not always evenly distributed, mass tourism can provide valuable income to some local businesses. In many cases, however, the profits generated from mass tourism are concentrated in the hands of large corporations, leaving local residents with few long-term advantages. Additionally, the seasonal nature of mass tourism means that jobs can be unstable, often disappearing in the off-season. Mass tourism can be a powerful economic driver, but it presents challenges that need to be carefully managed. Governments, businesses, and travelers must work together to minimize its negative impacts. Sustainable tourism practices, such as limiting visitor numbers and supporting eco-friendly initiatives, are crucial to ensuring that future generations can continue to enjoy the beauty of popular travel destinations.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40. A significant number of young people have chosen career paths that have little to do with their degrees. This trend is particularly prominent in the age of digital disruption, where industries are rapidly changing, and new job opportunities emerge almost daily. The traditional belief that a university degree should directly lead to a career in the same field is slowly fading as more young professionals step into roles that align less with their studies but offer them greater personal and financial fulfillment. [I] One of the primary reasons for this shift is the changing nature of the job market. [II] With the rise of technology, online platforms, and a booming gig economy, young people now have access to career opportunities that were once unavailable or difficult to reach. [III] Many young people are motivated by the flexibility and creative freedom these roles offer, as well as the potential for higher pay and work-life balance, especially with the growing demand for remote work. [IV] Another significant factor is the desire for personal fulfillment and a sense of purpose. Many young people are no longer content with simply earning a paycheck; they seek jobs that resonate with their passions and values. Careers in the arts, sustainable industries, and startups often offer more meaningful experiences, prompting individuals to take risks and step away from their traditional career paths. Furthermore, online learning platforms have made it easier for young professionals to upskill and transition into new fields, giving them the confidence to pursue non-traditional jobs. Despite these opportunities, working outside one’s major can come with challenges. The lack of formal training or experience in a new field can be a barrier, and many employers still favor candidates with degrees directly related to the job. However, these challenges are not insurmountable. Networking, internships, and continuous learning can help bridge the gap. For those willing to take risks and invest in their development, the rewards can be substantial: increased job satisfaction, better income, and the chance to build a career that aligns with their personal interests and values.

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6. Wanderlust: Your Ultimate Adventure Awaits! Are you (1) ______ by endless options for your next holiday? Don’t worry! That’s about to change with ‘Wanderlust’. Our app is crafted to help you find the best travel experiences (2) ______ to your interests. Whether you crave exciting city adventures or (3) ______, ‘Wanderlust’ has it all! Discover personalized itineraries designed just (4) ______ you. You can read fellow travellers’ reviews, gather insider tips, and (5) ______ reservations for flights and hotels in one click. Download Wanderlust today and turn your travel dreams into reality – we advise (6) ______ local attractions and discovering hidden gems along the way!

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12. Empower Your Mind: The Importance of Lifelong Learning Knowledge is a journey, not a destination! The Value of Education In today’s rapidly changing world, continuous learning is essential to (7) ______ with new developments and enhance our skills. Many people overlook opportunities to learn outside traditional settings, which can limit personal growth. Embracing education can open doors to new (8) ______ and opportunities. What We Can Do: • Take online courses. Explore various subjects and expand your skill set through accessible online (9) ______. This flexibility allows you to learn at your own pace and convenience. • Join community classes. Participate in local workshops or courses to meet others and develop new interests, (10) ______ your current skill level. Engaging with a group can foster connections and provide support to (11) ______. • Read regularly. Make it a habit to read books, articles, or blogs related to your interests. This not only (12) ______ your knowledge but also encourages critical thinking and reflection.

Read the following passage about driverless cars and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22. Driverless cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, (18) ______. These vehicles rely on advanced artificial intelligence and sensor technologies to operate independently, without human intervention. This innovation not only minimizes accidents caused by human error but also optimizes traffic flow, reducing congestion in urban areas. One significant feature (19) ______ and urban planners is their potential to communicate with other vehicles and infrastructure. This vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication allows for a coordinated traffic system, where cars can anticipate and avoid obstacles, adjust speed, and even signal each other to ensure a smooth drive. Despite these advantages, significant concerns remain about the safety and ethical implications of autonomous vehicles. Machines make complex decisions that raise questions about accountability in case of accidents. (20) ______. Driverless cars offer a safer, more efficient transportation experience. Promising transformative benefits to society, (21) ______. These vehicles still face significant regulatory, technical, and ethical challenges. (22) ______.

Read the passage. Bilingual education programs are one way to promote language preservation. By integrating native languages into their curriculum, schools can foster a sense of pride among young speakers. Additionally, these programs encourage cross-cultural understanding among students from different backgrounds, helping them appreciate diverse perspectives. Bilingualism not only benefits individuals cognitively but also strengthens their cultural connections within society. Digital platforms have become essential in the effort to preserve endangered languages. Language apps, online dictionaries, and social media are conducive to helping speakers of these languages share their knowledge widely, reaching audiences far beyond their own communities. Such tools enable younger generations to connect with and learn their ancestral languages, securing their survival. In this way, technology plays a vital role in sustaining minority languages in the digital era. While there are challenges in preserving languages, every effort is valuable. Language represents more than just words because it encapsulates traditions, wisdom, and worldview. Protecting linguistic diversity in multicultural societies is crucial for fostering a world where every culture’s voice is heard and valued.

Read the following passage about the urban shift and answer the questions. The rapid development of industry has been a driving force behind economic growth worldwide, providing employment and improving living standards. [I] From manufacturing to energy production, industries contribute significantly to modern society’s infrastructure. [II] Industrial activities release large amounts of greenhouse gases and pollutants, contaminate water sources, and contribute to deforestation. [III] The damage inflicted by industry is now a major concern for scientists and policymakers alike, as it endangers ecosystems and public health. [IV] One of the most pressing issues linked to industrial growth is air pollution. Factories and power plants release vast quantities of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and other harmful emissions into the atmosphere, fueling climate change and contributing to respiratory diseases in humans. Water pollution is equally severe, with toxic industrial waste often dumped into rivers and oceans, damaging marine life and contaminating water supplies. Furthermore, the heavy reliance on non-renewable resources, such as coal and oil, is taking a toll on natural resources, intensifying environmental degradation. Combined, these factors underscore the urgent need to address the environmental repercussions of industrial activities. To mitigate these effects, industries must adopt sustainable practices that reduce their environmental impact. One effective approach is the transition to clean energy sources, such as solar and wind, which produce minimal emissions compared to fossil fuels. Another solution is the implementation of stricter waste management practices to prevent hazardous materials from contaminating water bodies. Additionally, investing in technology that improves energy efficiency in manufacturing processes can significantly reduce pollution. Governments can also enforce regulations that limit emissions and incentivize companies to adopt green practices, further promoting sustainable industrial development. While these changes require substantial investment and collective effort, they are essential for the long-term health of our planet. By committing to sustainable practices, industries can balance growth with environmental responsibility, creating a future where both the economy and the natural world can thrive.

Comprehension passage for Questions 1–6: Unleash Your Inner Scientist! Are you curious about how things work? Join our (1) ______ which uncovers the mysteries of the universe through hands-on experiences! From experimenting in labs to connecting (2) ______ renowned scientists, we offer a unique journey (3) ______ to spark curiosity and expand your imagination. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned enthusiast, you’ll manage (4) ______ beyond what you thought possible, exploring science in ways that ignite a lifelong love for discovery. Don’t let your curiosity go unanswered— (5) ______ today to start delving into fascinating ideas and finding solutions to real-world challenges. Let science (6) ______ a difference in how you see the wonders of the world, waiting just for you!

Comprehension passage for Questions 7–12: Healthy Eating - Fuel Your Body Right Good nutrition is the foundation of a healthy, active lifestyle. Why Healthy Eating Matters Eating a balanced diet supports energy levels, mental clarity, and overall health. Studies show that those who consume at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily have a 20% lower risk of heart disease. (7) ______ benefit is improved immunity, for example, diets rich in vitamins C and D can reduce the chance of illness by 30%. By choosing nutritious foods, you can (8) ______ on unhealthy fats, sugars, and processed foods, which helps maintain a healthy weight and lowers the risk of chronic diseases. Simple Steps to Eat Healthier • Start by swapping sugary drinks for water or herbal teas and include a serving of vegetables in every meal. Choose whole grains like brown rice and oats instead of (9) ______ grains. • Gradually reduce processed foods, focusing on natural (10) ______. Prepare snacks like nuts, yogurt, or fruit in advance to ensure (11) ______ and avoid binge eating. • Practice mindful eating by focusing on your meal without distractions. It’s a perfect approach (12) ______ its ability to improve digestion and enhance the enjoyment of each bite.