For ten points, name the operation that, when applied to twenty-five, gives five; it is used in the quadratic formula and requires a plus-minus sign when applied to both sides of an equation.

For ten points, name the U.S. state whose cities include Memphis and Nashville; a senator from this state proposed the High Performance Computing Act of 1991, and the Scopes Trial was argued in court by Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan.

For ten points, name the quantity measured in hertz whose reciprocal is period; its cutoff type marks the boundary between stopband and passband, and for a simple pendulum it is proportional to the square root of length.

For ten points, name the mountain near Tokyo that appears in the background of The Great Wave off Kanagawa and is depicted in Thirty-Six Views; pilgrims ascend it via Shojin tozan.

For ten points, name the militaristic Greek city-state that frequently fought Athens; its Gerousia included two jointly ruling kings, its agoge educated boys, and King Leonidas was defeated at Thermopylae.

For ten points, name the Shakespeare play about “a pair of star-cross’d lovers” in which Mercutio delivers the Queen Mab speech and a masquerade ball features the joke “palm to palm is holy palmers’ kiss.”

For ten points, name the biological process that gives a lizard a replacement when it sheds its tail; African spiny mice are capable mammals at performing it, while leeches cannot do it until after their final molt.

For ten points, name the ancient Greek philosopher who compared himself to a gadfly in Apology, was convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens, and was sentenced to drink hemlock; his thoughts are recorded in dialogues by Plato.

For ten points, name the realm of the gods in Norse myth where three roots of Yggdrasil sit above it, Heimdallr has his home, and the Bifröst connects it to Midgard.

For ten points, name the capital city of China that was the site of the 2008 Summer Olympics, contains Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City, and saw a famous 1989 protest with a photo of a man in front of tanks.

For ten points, name the seven-part suite by Gustav Holst whose movements are named for planets like Neptune, Mars, and Venus; its fourth movement includes the hymn tune “Thaxted.”

For ten points, name the strong acid with formula $$\mathrm{HCl}$$ that was historically used to convert corn starch into glucose syrup and that dissolves gold in a mixture called aqua regia.

For ten points, name the written works addressed to another person that make up C. S. Lewis’s The Screwtape Letters and appear in Anne Frank’s diary addressed to “Kitty”; Jane Austen wrote an early novel of this type titled Lady Susan.

For ten points, name the former Disney Channel actress and singer whose 2021 album SOUR includes the songs “deja vu,” “good 4 u,” and “drivers license.”

For ten points, name the Christian holiday that celebrates the resurrection of Jesus, may replace purple decorations with white, and follows the season of Lent; its sunrise is commemorated after a vigil that begins on Holy Saturday.

For ten points, name the twenty-nine-thousand-foot peak in the Himalayan Mountains that Tenzing Norgay first successfully climbed with Edmund Hillary in 1953; the highest mountain on Earth.

For ten points, name the region of Earth consisting of an iron–nickel alloy below the mantle; P-waves pass through it while S-waves do not, and its liquid outer zone’s rotation generates Earth’s magnetic field.

For ten points, name the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army who ordered inoculation against variola, evacuated his troops from Brooklyn Heights under fog, and routed Hessian mercenaries after Christmas Day, 1776.

For ten points, name the poem by Edgar Allan Poe in which a speaker asks to “quaff this kind nepenthe,” perches beneath a bust of Pallas, and hears a bird repeatedly say “nevermore” while mourning Lenore.

Name some Winter Olympic sports, for ten points each. Required elements of the short program of this sport typically include a double or triple jump and a double Axel. What sport is described?

Name some Winter Olympic sports, for ten points each. In this team sport, invented in Scotland, competitors sweep an ice rink with brooms to guide stones into the house, a circular target. What sport is described?

Name some Winter Olympic sports, for ten points each. British athlete Michael Edwards, known as “Eddie the Eagle,” finished last in both the large hill and normal hill events of this sport. Competitors are ranked on distance traveled from a hill’s K-point. What sport is described?

For ten points each, answer questions about this novel’s protagonist who goes skating with Sally Hayes and becomes angry when he learns that Jane Gallagher is dating his roommate, Stradlater. Name the novel by J.D. Salinger in which Holden Caulfield wanders New York after he is expelled from Pencey Prep.

For ten points each, answer questions about Holden Caulfield. In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden buys a “Little Shirley Beans” record for his younger sister. What is her name?

For ten points each, answer questions about Holden Caulfield. Holden takes Phoebe to ride the carousel in this park’s zoo. This long, thin New York park is named for running through the middle of Manhattan. What park is it?

Many toilet bowl cleaners warn not to mix them with bleach because deadly chloroform gas will result. For ten points each, answer chemistry questions about household cleaning products. Oven cleaners and drain cleaners that contain lye are examples of the strong type of these compounds, which have a pH greater than seven. What type of compound is described?

Many toilet bowl cleaners warn not to mix them with bleach because deadly chloroform gas will result. For ten points each, answer chemistry questions about household cleaning products. This term labels soaps like Dawn and Tide, which use surfactants to make grease and fats more soluble in water and therefore easier to wash away. What term is used?

Many toilet bowl cleaners warn not to mix them with bleach because deadly chloroform gas will result. For ten points each, answer chemistry questions about household cleaning products. This compound, also known as baking soda, can be used to remove odors from laundry and coffee stains from cups. What compound is described?

Name some symphonies written by Ludwig van Beethoven, for ten points each. This middle symphony has a “fate knocking at the door” motif with a dramatic short-short-short-long pattern. Which Beethoven symphony is described?

Name some symphonies written by Ludwig van Beethoven, for ten points each. Beethoven originally meant to dedicate this symphony to Napoleon, then scratched out the dedication and renamed it “Heroic.” Which symphony is described?

Name some symphonies written by Ludwig van Beethoven, for ten points each. Although most Beethoven symphonies have four movements, this one has five, depicting a “Merry gathering of country folk” and a “Scene by the brook.” Which symphony is described?

Give the following about the geography of the Iditarod, for ten points each. The Iditarod is an annual sled dog race that takes place over hundreds of miles in which U.S. state?

Give the following about the geography of the Iditarod, for ten points each. The Iditarod begins in this most populous Alaskan city, which is home to the busy Ted Stevens International Airport. Which city is it?

Give the following about the geography of the Iditarod, for ten points each. The Iditarod ends in this town on the southern tip of the Seward Peninsula. Which town is it?

In this collection of stories, Filomena, Fiametta, Lauretta, and other young nobles tell tales like “Patient Griselda” and “Federigo’s Falcon” after fleeing Florence. For ten points each, identify the collection named for the ten days of storytelling in which ten young nobles tell each other stories to pass the time.

In Boccaccio’s The Decameron, the young nobles flee to the country to escape a pandemic that devastated Europe in the fourteenth century. For ten points each, what is this pandemic called?

Stories in The Decameron can be traced to earlier sources; several are from a Middle Eastern collection of folk stories that includes “Aladdin” and “Ali Baba.” For ten points each, name that collection.

For ten points each, answer questions about a World War II–era government that adopted the motto “Work, Family, Fatherland” and was led by Philippe Pétain. Name the collaborationist puppet government established under duress from Germany in July 1940.

For ten points each, answer questions about wartime France. This fascist German political party led by Adolf Hitler installed and controlled the Vichy government in France. What party was it?

For ten points each, answer questions about wartime France. This politician and general opposed the Vichy government, leading Free France during World War II and later establishing the Fifth Republic. Who was he?

In ancient Egyptian burials, certain containers were guarded by representations of the four sons of Horus. For ten points each, name the containers that held the lungs, stomach, liver, and intestines of a mummified person.

In ancient Egyptian practices after mummification, the deceased would undergo a ritual called the Opening of this body part, which allowed the person to eat and drink in the afterlife. For ten points each, name the body part.

In ancient Egyptian beliefs, the soul of the deceased would be judged by Anubis by having this bodily organ weighed against the Feather of Ma’at to determine entry to the afterlife. For ten points each, name the organ.

This Northern Democrat opposed John C. Breckinridge for his party’s presidential nomination in 1860. For ten points each, name the “Little Giant” from Illinois who defended popular sovereignty in his Freeport Doctrine.

Stephen Douglas supported adopting popular sovereignty to decide whether states should allow slavery, leading to violent conflict in a territory known for “bleeding.” For ten points each, name that territory.

Douglas articulated the Freeport Doctrine during debates against an Illinois politician who later served as president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. For ten points each, name that politician.

Answer questions about the American space program, for ten points each. Alan Shepard walked on the moon during mission fourteen of this space program, which put the first astronauts on the moon during mission eleven. Name the program.

Answer questions about the American space program, for ten points each. Alan Shepard was also one of this program’s namesake “Seven,” and as part of this program he became the first American to travel to space. Name the program.

Answer questions about the American space program, for ten points each. After the success of Project Mercury, Americans continued to orbit Earth in the first American one of these, called Skylab. Russia’s first modular example was called Mir. What kind of orbital facility is described?

In May of 2000, hundreds of homes in Enschede, Netherlands, were destroyed by an explosion at a factory making these items. For ten points each, name the usually fun, explosive devices that send colored sparks into the air on the Fourth of July.

Poorly stored, confiscated fireworks intensified an ammonium nitrate explosion that leveled buildings and left hundreds of thousands of people homeless in this Lebanese port city in 2020. For ten points each, name the city.

A faulty bomb squad van owned by the police department detonated in 2021, prompting calls for restitution from this city’s mayor, Eric Garcetti. For ten points each, name the U.S. city.

It was once common for high school students to determine this characteristic for themselves in the lab using a lancet and a Coombs antibody test. For ten points each, name the human trait whose O-negative type is called the universal donor and whose AB-positive type is the universal recipient.

Blood typing is mandatory to avoid a fatal reaction during this procedure, in which a patient is given new blood intravenously from a donor. For ten points each, name the procedure.

The positive or negative designation in a person’s blood type refers to this factor, usually represented with two letters and named for the monkey species in which it was first observed. For ten points each, name the factor.

In this novel, Lenina Crowne accompanies Bernard Marx to an antiquated Reservation where they encounter an abandoned woman named Linda and her son, John the Savage, who is shocked to be thrust into an engineered society of Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons. Name the novel by Aldous Huxley.

The society in the novel described above is fanatically devoted to an assembly-line society inspired by this American car-maker. Name the figure.

This World Controller in the same novel, referred to as “His Fordship,” suggests that John the Savage cannot fit into the “Brave New World” because he demands “the right to be unhappy.” Name the character.

Answer questions about a group of Hindu deities collectively nicknamed the Tridevi. The Tridevi are often described as being similar to the Trimurti, except that all three deities share this quality. Lakshmi is a deity with this quality, which sets her apart from her husband. What is the shared quality?

Within the Tridevi, this member is the goddess of wisdom and the wife of Brahma. She is often depicted with four arms and carries a veena, a type of lute, to represent her love of music. Name this goddess.

The third member of the Tridevi, Parvati, is also known by this name in her aspect as the goddess of destruction. This blue-skinned goddess slays demons and other evil spirits. Name this aspect.

The Cantor set, an example created by removing the middle third of a line segment and repeating the process, illustrates these mathematical objects often represented in art as images that resemble themselves at deep magnification. Name these objects.

These are named because they can have a non-integer, or fractional, value for this quantity. Area-filling objects like planes have a value of two for this quantity, while space-filling objects like cubes have a value of three. Name the quantity.

The term “fractal” was coined by the man who used the coastline of Great Britain to illustrate infinite repetitions of a form. One of the most famous fractals is a depiction of a set named for this man. Name him.

Give information about the US entrance into World War I. This document intended to convince its recipient to distract the Americans in a land war so they wouldn’t join World War I; it was intercepted by British Intelligence and used to convince the Americans to enter the war. Name the document.

The document named above was sent by Germany to this country, promising it would regain territory lost to the US, including land from the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Name the country.

This President of the United States during World War I campaigned in 1916 on the slogan “He kept us out of war,” then asked Congress to approve war following the Zimmerman telegram and a period of unrestricted submarine warfare. Name the President.

Answer the following about the work of Caribbean poet Derek Walcott, author of the poem Omeros. Omeros was inspired by this Homeric epic, in which Hector’s body is dragged around the walls of Troy to dishonor him for killing Patroclus in battle. Name the epic.

In the Iliad, this nearly-invincible hero carries a shield showing a city at peace and at war. In Omeros, this hero and his enemy, Hector, are characterized as fishermen. Name the hero.

In Omeros, Achille and Hector are in love with the housemaid whose name refers to the “face that launched a thousand ships,” beginning the Trojan War. Name her.

A bull stands over a woman mourning her child on the left of this painting; in the center, an impaled horse opens its mouth in pain under an exploding lightbulb. Name this large black-and-white painting that depicts the bombing of a Basque city during the Spanish Civil War.

Guernica is an anti-war painting by this Spanish artist, who painted The Old Guitarist during his somber “Blue Period.” Name the artist.

Pablo Picasso and his friend Georges Braque are credited with founding this artistic movement, which focused on creating geometric abstractions of three-dimensional shapes. Name the movement.

Give information about the decolonization of Africa. Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and Angola fought wars of independence against this European country with capital at Lisbon. Name the country.

In the late twentieth century, this former British colony lost power over several neighboring territories, such as Namibia and Lesotho. Name the country.

This former French colony’s National Liberation Front (FLN) won its independence in an eight-year war that ended with the Evian Accords. Name the country.

By substituting this law into the equation for electric flux, Gauss’s law can be derived. Name the law that states the electrostatic force between two particles is directly proportional to the magnitudes of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Coulomb’s law also states that if one particle has a positive charge and the other has a negative charge, then they will experience this type of interaction, also observed between the north and south poles of two magnets. Name the interaction.

As a unit of electric charge, one coulomb is equivalent to one ampere-second. The ampere is the unit of this quantity, defined as the flow of charged particles through a conductor, which may be alternating or direct. Name the quantity.