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Breast Cancer — Worksheet Extraction

Total questions: 45

Worksheet time: 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Introduction to Breast Tissue: The breast is described as a specialized glandular organ located over the pectoralis major. What is the primary design function of this organ?

a)

Lactation

b)

Thermoregulation

c)

Blood filtration

d)

Hormone storage

2.

Introduction to Breast Tissue: Understanding breast anatomy is emphasized because most breast cancers originate from specific anatomical components. Which reason for studying anatomy is stated?

a)

To identify specific anatomical components from which most breast cancers originate

b)

To measure breast volume accurately for cosmetic procedures

c)

To determine metabolic rate of breast tissue

d)

To improve athletic performance involving the chest

3.

In this diagram, which labeled structure is primarily responsible for milk production?

a)

Lobules

b)

Lactiferous ducts

c)

Pectoralis major

d)

Thoracic wall

4.

Schematic of the breast shows intralobular terminal duct, extralobular terminal duct, and the terminal duct lobular unit. According to the labels, what does the terminal duct lobular unit comprise?

a)

Terminal ducts and a lobule

b)

Only the lactiferous sinus

c)

Fatty tissue and Cooper ligaments

d)

Thoracic wall and pectoralis major

5.

Breast Anatomy & Tissue overview states the breast is composed of lobules (milk‑producing), ducts (milk passage), and supportive stroma. Which components are highlighted as the primary sites of cancer origin?

a)

Lobules and ducts

b)

Pectoralis major and thoracic wall

c)

Fatty tissue and skin

d)

Nipple and areola

6.

Breast Anatomy & Tissue overview: Where do most malignancies arise?

a)

Ductal epithelium

b)

Fatty tissue

c)

Pectoralis major

d)

Cooper ligaments

7.

Which item is described as a major risk for breast cancer?

a)

Age and female sex

b)

Smoking

c)

Low-fat diet

d)

Regular exercise

8.

Which genetic mutations are listed as established risk factors for breast cancer?

a)

BRCA1/2

b)

APC

c)

CFTR

d)

HFE

9.

Which of the following are examples of hormonal exposure? Select all that apply.

a)

Early menarche

b)

Late menopause

c)

Hormone replacement therapy

d)

Radiation exposure

10.

Which imaging-related feature is listed as an established risk factor?

a)

Dense breast tissue on mammogram

b)

Calcified thyroid nodules on ultrasound

c)

Low bone density on DEXA

d)

Normal chest X-ray

11.

Breast cancer develops due to a combination of which influences? Select all that apply.

a)

Genetic

b)

Hormonal

c)

Environmental

d)

Lifestyle

e)

Infectious (parasitic)

12.

Identifying risk factors is essential for which purposes listed? Select all that apply.

a)

Screening

b)

Prevention

c)

Risk-stratified management

d)

Curative surgery in all cases

13.

Which pair represents non-modifiable risk factors listed?

a)

Age and genetics

b)

Hormone use and obesity

c)

Alcohol and diet

d)

Physical inactivity and smoking

14.

What happens to breast cancer incidence with advancing age?

a)

It increases

b)

It decreases

c)

It remains unchanged

d)

It fluctuates randomly

15.

What is identified as the strongest independent risk factor in women?

a)

Age

b)

Diet

c)

Parity

d)

Exercise

16.

The majority of cases occur after what age?

(a)  

17.

Age as a Risk Factor. Age-adjusted incidence rises due to which factors listed?

a)

Hormonal exposure and cumulative genetic mutations over time

b)

Improved access to care alone

c)

Seasonal variation

d)

Decreased hormone levels and fewer mutations

18.

Breast cancer occurs predominantly in which group?

a)

Women

b)

Children

c)

Men

d)

All groups equally

19.

Prior cancer in one breast is associated with what outcome listed?

a)

Higher chance of second primary cancer in the opposite breast

b)

Guaranteed cure of the first cancer

c)

Elimination of genetic risk

d)

Lower overall surveillance needs

20.

Which predispositions are reflected by a personal history of breast cancer as listed? Select all that apply.

a)

Genetic

b)

Hormonal

c)

Environmental

d)

Infectious bacterial

21.

What follow-up approach is required as listed?

a)

Enhanced surveillance

b)

No surveillance

c)

Annual dental screening

d)

Immediate transplantation

22.

Which family relationship is associated with a 2–3× increased risk of breast cancer?

a)

First-degree relatives

b)

Second-degree relatives

c)

Distant relatives

d)

Unrelated individuals

23.

Genetic factors account for what proportion of all breast cancer cases?

a)

1–2%

b)

5–10%

c)

20–30%

d)

Over 50%

24.

Among women under 30 years, genetic mutations may explain up to what percentage of breast cancer cases?

a)

10%

b)

25%

c)

40%

d)

5%

25.

Which genes are identified as the most significant breast cancer susceptibility genes?

a)

BRCA1 and BRCA2

b)

HER2 and EGFR

c)

TP53 and PTEN

d)

MYC and KRAS

26.

Which reproductive factor increases breast cancer risk by elevating lifetime estrogen exposure?

a)

Early menarche (younger than 12 years)

b)

Menopause before age 45

c)

First childbirth before age 25

d)

Multiparity

27.

Late menopause (older than 55 years) affects breast cancer risk in which way?

a)

It elevates risk by prolonging estrogen stimulation.

b)

It decreases risk by shortening estrogen exposure.

c)

It has no effect on risk.

d)

It only affects ovarian cancer risk, not breast cancer.

28.

What effect can using estrogen with or without progesterone for contraception or hormone replacement therapy have on breast cancer risk?

a)

It can increase risk.

b)

It eliminates risk.

c)

It guarantees no change in risk.

d)

It only affects adolescents.

29.

Which factors determine the magnitude of breast cancer risk associated with exogenous hormone use? Select all that apply.

a)

Duration of use

b)

Dose

c)

Type of hormone

d)

Blood type

30.

What is recommended for individuals on long-term hormone therapy?

a)

Careful assessment

b)

Automatic discontinuation for all users

c)

No monitoring is needed

d)

Routine radiation exposure as screening

31.

In postmenopausal women, obesity increases breast cancer risk primarily due to which mechanism?

a)

Estrogen production from adipose tissue

b)

Reduced insulin sensitivity only

c)

Increased bone density

d)

Iron deficiency

32.

Which lifestyle factor is identified as important and modifiable in prevention strategies?

a)

Excessive alcohol consumption

b)

Eye color

c)

Natural hair texture

d)

Handedness

33.

How is breast cancer described among women worldwide?

a)

It is the most common cancer.

b)

It is the second most common cancer.

c)

It is rare.

d)

It occurs only in older adults.

34.

Approximately what share of new global cancer cases did breast cancer represent in 2020?

a)

Approximately 11.7%

b)

Approximately 2%

c)

Approximately 25%

d)

Approximately 50%

35.

What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer for women in the U.S.?

a)

1 in 8

b)

1 in 100

c)

1 in 1000

d)

1 in 2

36.

What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer for men?

a)

1 in 1000

b)

1 in 8

c)

Zero risk

d)

1 in 10

37.

According to Age-Related Incidence data, what is the median age at breast cancer diagnosis?

a)

5151 years

b)

6161 years

c)

7171 years

d)

4141 years

38.

According to Trends Over Time, in which group was the decline in incidence after 2000 especially noted?

a)

Women <50<50 years

b)

Women ≥50\geq 50 years

c)

Men <50<50 years

d)

Adolescents

39.

Trends Over Time lists reasons for improvements. Select all factors identified as contributing to improvements.

a)

Early detection and screening

b)

Advancements in systemic therapies

c)

Better awareness and healthcare access

d)

Reduced physical activity

40.

Mortality Trends reports the change in U.S. breast cancer mortality from 1980 to 2020. What was the percentage decrease?

a)

33%33\%

b)

43%43\%

c)

53%53\%

d)

63%63\%

41.

Pathophysiology indicates the proportion of breast cancer cases that are sporadic. Which range is correct?

a)

90–95%90\text{–}95\%

b)

50–60%50\text{–}60\%

c)

20–25%20\text{–}25\%

d)

5–10%5\text{–}10\%

42.

According to Pathophysiology, what percentage of patients have an identifiable genetic mutation?

a)

1–2%1\text{–}2\%

b)

5–10%5\text{–}10\%

c)

20–25%20\text{–}25\%

d)

30–40%30\text{–}40\%

43.

Which genes are identified as the most common hereditary breast cancer genes?

a)

BRCA1 and BRCA2

b)

EGFR and KRAS

c)

TP53 and RB1

d)

MYC and CDK4

44.

Most common invasive pathologic forms lists two subtypes. Which pair is correct?

a)

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)

b)

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and Paget disease

c)

Medullary carcinoma and Mucinous carcinoma

d)

Phyllodes tumor and Fibroadenoma

45.

Carcinogenesis results from a complex interplay of specific factors. Select all factors

a)

Genetic factors

b)

Environmental exposures

c)

Hormonal influences

d)

Patient-related factors

e)

Seasonal changes

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