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WorksheetsTest Philosophies and High-Incidence Disabilities
Total questions: 111
Worksheet time: 56mins
Which principle best describes Least Restrictive Environment for students receiving special education services?
Educate with peers using needed supports
Educate only in separate specialized classes
Educate at home to avoid distractions
Educate online to minimize social demands
An IEP should be based on which evaluative document to ensure appropriate services?
Teacher anecdotal records only
Quarterly grade reports summary
Parent interview transcript alone
Full and Individual Evaluation report
Manifestation determination involves two core questions. Which option lists both accurately?
Is behavior linked to disability condition?
Is district implementing all IEP parts appropriately?
Is student meeting all state standards currently?
Is family providing consistent at-home supports?
When circumstances change or an intervention fails, what is the required procedural step?
Remove services until data improve
Wait until the annual review date
Switch placements without team input
Call an ARD committee meeting promptly
Which practice supports confidentiality in special education processes?
Upload reports to public portals
Discuss details with peers at lunch
Share files casually with all staff
Maintain secure records at all times
For bilingual students, what is essential in assessment when languages of instruction and home differ?
Rely on classroom language exposure
Assess only in English for consistency
Test to determine dominant language
Use translator without language testing
REEDs help determine testing needs near a reevaluation date. Which statement aligns with practice?
Testing often completed close to three-year date
Testing always done exactly at two years
Testing scheduled only if parent insists
Testing avoided if prior scores were high
Which technology-related practice aligns with the guide’s philosophy?
Use technology only for advanced students
Use technology to improve curriculum access
Ban technology to reduce distractions
Use technology to replace teacher instruction
Which combination defines deaf-blindness in school eligibility?
Single severe visual impairment only
Concurrent hearing and visual impairments
Single severe hearing impairment only
Mild hearing loss with normal vision
Which specialists are typically involved in evaluating deafness eligibility?
General education teacher alone
Audiologist and hearing specialists
Occupational therapist primarily
Vision teacher only
Differentiate hearing impairment from deafness in educational definitions.
Hearing impairment may be fluctuating; not deafness
Hearing impairment never affects performance
Hearing impairment equals total inability to hear
Hearing impairment requires cochlear implant
Orthopedic impairment eligibility commonly requires which evaluation component?
Ophthalmology field vision testing
Medical evaluation to document condition
Speech-language articulation testing
Audiology threshold testing protocols
Visual impairment eligibility typically needs what assessments?
Neurology consult and MRI screenings
Behavior checklist from homeroom teacher
Audiology exam with classroom observation
Ophthalmology exam and specialized assessor
Which criteria collectively define Emotional Disturbance in schools? Select all that apply.
Inability to learn not explained by other factors
Consistent social maladjustment without ED determination
Difficulty maintaining satisfactory peer relationships
Pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression
Other Health Impairment eligibility requires which components? Select all that apply.
Chronic or acute health problems like ADHD or epilepsy
Exclusive diagnosis of intellectual disability
Adverse effect on educational performance
Medical evaluation to document condition
Which statements describe Specific Learning Disability identification practices? Select all that apply.
Disorder in basic psychological processes for language
Must show strengths and weaknesses across performance
Imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, or write
Diagnosed using cognitive and achievement instruments
Who typically diagnoses and treats Speech or Language Impairment in schools?
Classroom teacher with counselor
Occupational therapist exclusively
School nurse and audiologist team
Speech-language pathology staff
Autism eligibility descriptions commonly include which characteristics?
Significant impact on verbal and nonverbal communication
Requirement that symptoms begin after age ten
Difficulties with social interaction and pragmatic language
Engagement in repetitive activities and resistance to change
Which professionals most often test students for Autism eligibility within schools?
Audiologists primarily
Physical education teachers
Licensed Specialists in School Psychology (LSSPs)
Vision specialists exclusively
Intellectual Disability eligibility requires which core elements?
Manifested during the developmental period
Evidence of high achievement test scores
Concurrent deficits in adaptive behavior
Significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning
Match each term to its distinguishing feature in school eligibility.
Deaf-Blindness
Concurrent vision and hearing impairments
Hearing Impairment
May be fluctuating, not deafness
Other Health Impairment
Limited strength or alertness due to health
Specific Learning Disability
Disorder in basic psychological processes
For ID eligibility, what is additionally required regarding adaptive behavior?
At least two areas show deficits
One area shows strengths
Adaptive skills exceed age norms
Adaptive behavior not considered
Which statement best describes Multiple Disabilities under IDEA?
Only orthopedic impairment with ID
Concomitant impairments causing severe needs
Single impairment requiring intense supports
Includes deaf-blindness as a subset
Which condition is explicitly excluded from Multiple Disabilities category?
Deaf-blindness exclusion noted
Autism always excluded
Visual impairment included
Speech impairment excluded
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in schools is defined as an injury caused by what?
Congenital genetic abnormality
Pre-natal exposure to toxins
External physical force to the brain
Birth trauma without impact
TBI may result in impairments in which areas?
Cognition and memory
Attention and reasoning
Sensory and motor abilities
Hearing only
Which statement about TBI eligibility is accurate?
Applies to degenerative disorders
Limited to open head injuries only
Includes birth trauma categories
Does not apply to congenital injuries
Which evaluation requirement applies for TBI identification?
Requires medical diagnosis; other testing possible
Requires only classroom observation
Parent report is sufficient alone
IQ test alone determines eligibility
Which document is used first to determine a student’s native language?
Home Language Survey in cumulative folder
Language Proficiency Assessment form
ESL enrollment application
Parent consent agreement
What must the LEA ensure for parents during IEP meetings?
Access to district-wide assessments
Selection of classroom curriculum
Attendance at every classroom session
Understanding proceedings, interpreter as needed
When a child is LEP with a disability, what must the IEP address?
Placement in English-only instruction
Mandatory exit from ESL services
Delay of services until fluency
Provision of services in another language
Which rule governs test materials for CLD students?
Not discriminatory on racial basis
Administered in child’s native language
Always in English regardless
Selected to match cultural background
What must diagnosticians ensure when testing CLD students?
Scores compare to monolingual peers
Assessors avoid using interpreters
Tests prioritize vocabulary difficulty
Tests measure disability, not English skills
Which statement about BICS is accurate?
Academic language proficiency in 5–7 months
Fluent social language develops in 1–3 years
BICS requires formal reading tests
BICS equals CALP ability level
Which statement about CALP is accurate?
Focuses casual conversation only
Developed faster than BICS
Unaffected by schooling quality
Typically achieved within 5–7 years
Why might good conversational ability still mask academic weaknesses?
BICS can be strong while CALP weak
CALP determines social fluency mainly
Tests ignore comprehension entirely
Language dominance never affects results
Language dominance typically refers to what?
Language legally recognized by state
Language learned latest in life
Language spoken by teachers
Language used most of the time
If no LEA staff can test in a child’s native language, what is best practice?
Delay assessment indefinitely
Use untrained volunteer interpreter
Find qualified tester in area
Administer English test exclusively
LEA must ensure a child with a listed disability is not excluded due to what factor?
Prior grade retention alone
Limited English proficiency alone
Parent refusal to meet alone
Low attendance history alone
Order the options from best to last resort for testing LEP students.
Bilingual evaluator
Best option
Trained interpreter
Second option
Professional who speaks language
Third option
Someone who speaks language
Fourth option
Monolingual diagnostician alone
Last resort option
In LEP eligibility, what happens after qualifying for special education?
ESL replaced by general education
No LPAC participation needed
Immediate exit from ESL program
Continue ESL services as enrolled
Who should attend ARD meetings to provide input on language of services?
School psychologist only
General education teacher only
District superintendent only
LPAC representative participates
Which statistical concept estimates error attached to an obtained score?
Standard Error of Measurement
Coefficient of determination
Effect size magnitude
Test-retest interval
How does SEM relate to reliability?
Larger SEM means lower reliability
Larger SEM means higher reliability
SEM unrelated to reliability
SEM applies only to IQ tests
What does a confidence interval represent?
Percentile rank conversion
Difference between two means
Exact observed test score
Range likely including true score
Which statement about stanines is correct?
Median 50, quartiles 25–75
Mean 100, SD 15, scaled 10–90
Mean 10, SD 3, scores 1–10
Mean 5, SD 2, scores 1–9
Which statement best describes the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)?
Interval between two successive standard scores
Proportion of variance explained by the test instrument
Estimate of error attached to an obtained test score
Average spread of group scores around mean
How does SEM relate to reliability of a test?
SEM is unrelated to reliability metrics
Larger SEM indicates higher reliability
SEM equals the test’s standard deviation
Smaller SEM indicates higher reliability
A 95% confidence interval built from SEM is intended to include which value?
Population mean of all examinees
Observed score on most test occasions
Median of the test’s raw scores
True score with high probability
Stanines are best characterized by which features?
Mean 5 and SD 2 on nine-point scale
Mean 10 and SD 3 on decile scale
Mean 50 and SD 10 on wide scale
Mean 0 and SD 1 on z score scale
Which statement about validity is accurate?
Range of scores likely to contain true score
Degree a test measures intended construct
Amount scores deviate from the mean
Consistency of measurement across occasions
Reliability refers to which property of scores?
Accuracy in measuring the right construct
Consistency or stability of measurement
Transforming raw scores to standard scores
Average performance across a sample
Which formula describes the mean of a set of scores?
Most frequent score in distribution
Sum of all scores divided by count
Sum of squared deviations from mean
Median score in ordered dataset
What does standard deviation represent in score distributions?
Index of test reliability and SEM
Percent of sample below a given score
Extent scores deviate from the mean
Raw scores transformed to a standard scale
Standard scores are primarily used to express what?
Chance probability of observed difference
Average age equivalent for the group
Rank order of raw scores within a class
How far an examinee’s score lies from mean
Which statement correctly defines percentile rank?
Number of standard deviations above the mean
Difference between raw score and group mean
Point indicating proportion at or below a score
Nine-category scale centered at five
Which interpretation of grade equivalent is correct?
Percent of peers scoring below the student
Mean score for students in a given grade
Reflects the grade where a student functions
Standard score on a nine-point stanine
Which interpretation of age equivalent is accurate?
Shows performance similar to a specific age group
Reports position within the standardization sample
Measures variability around the population mean
Indicates the child’s actual chronological age
Which WISC-V index primarily measures a student's capacity to understand word meanings and verbal reasoning?
Fluid Reasoning Index
Processing Speed Index
Visual Spatial Index
Verbal Comprehension Index
On the WISC-V, what is the typical Full Scale IQ mean and standard deviation used for interpreting scores?
Mean 90, SD 10
Mean 100, SD 15
Mean 85, SD 16
Mean 100, SD 12
Which WISC-V index is most associated with tasks like block design and visual puzzles?
Visual Spatial Index
Working Memory Index
Verbal Comprehension Index
Processing Speed Index
The Woodcock-Johnson IV is grounded in which psychological framework?
CHC theory
Behaviorism
Social learning
Psychoanalytic theory
For WJ IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities, which ranges define the Standard and Extended batteries?
Standard 1–10, Extended 11–18
Standard 1–12, Extended 13–20
Standard 1–8, Extended 9–16
Standard 1–6, Extended 7–12
The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition, is often chosen for which student groups?
Hearing impairment only
Gifted mathematics only
Culturally different and language problems
Motor coordination only
Which achievement battery measures all areas including listening comprehension and oral expression?
WIAT-4
WJ IV
Stanford-Binet V
KTEA-3
When suspecting an intellectual disability, adaptive behavior evaluation should include which measure showing low v-Scale scores in at least two areas?
Vineland-3
BASC-3
KABC-II
WISC-V
ABAS-3 is designed to assess what across ten domains?
Language acquisition
Adaptive behavior
Academic fluency
Executive functions
Which informal assessment is specifically used to analyze student behavior patterns for intervention planning?
Portfolio Review
Dynamic Assessment
Curriculum-Based Measurement
Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)
Which statement best reflects a requirement before a child is assessed for special education?
School may test without consent in emergencies
Parents must give written permission
Outside evaluations must be considered
Parents must be invited to meetings
Which rights include parents being able to view and obtain copies of their child's records and dispute inaccuracies?
Nondiscriminatory Evaluation
Least Restrictive Environment
Zero Reject
Procedural Safeguards
FAPE guarantees what for children with disabilities?
Private schooling at parents' choice
Free after-school tutoring only
Home instruction regardless of need
Free and appropriate public education
Zero Reject in special education means which of the following?
No child is denied services
Only high-need students qualify
Placement is always general education
Services stop after age 14
Which principle ensures students receive supports to learn alongside peers to the maximum appropriate extent?
Functional Behavioral Assessment
Scaled Score Range
Full Scale IQ
Least Restrictive Environment
Confidentiality rules require what regarding access to a student's disability records?
Post summaries for classroom volunteers
Provide general staff with open access
Keep a record of who accesses the files
Share only with personnel directly working with the child
What is the purpose of an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
Behavior contract for discipline only
Teacher evaluation and supervision tool
Annually revised plan with goals and services
District-wide curriculum pacing guide
Who must provide informed consent before a special education evaluation can begin, and what minimum waiting period applies after consent is received?
LEA administrator; three school days
Parent/guardian; five school days
General education teacher; seven school days
ARD chair; ten school days
How much prior notice must parents receive before an ARD meeting, and what can they choose to do with that notice?
Five school days; cannot waive
Five school days; may waive
Ten calendar days; may waive
Three school days; cannot waive
Which two criteria must both be met for a student to qualify for special education services at the ARD meeting?
Student meets disability eligibility standards
Student needs specially designed instruction
Parent signs consent for services
Student has passing grades in core classes
Before services start under an IEP, what consent and waiting period apply unless waived?
Parent consent; five school days
Teacher consent; three school days
LEA consent; seven calendar days
ARD consent; ten school days
How often must an annual ARD meeting occur after the initial ARD?
Within one year
Every six months
Within three years
Every two years
By when must a student be re-evaluated, with results reviewed in an ARD meeting?
Every year
Within three years
Within two years
Within five years
What is true about referrals in relation to MTSS/RTI tiers?
Referral can occur without all tiers
Referral only if Tier 2 succeeds
Referral requires completing all tiers
Referral only after Tier 3 fails
Which roles are required members of an ARD committee?
General education teacher
Special education teacher
School nurse
Administrator representing the district
When a student transfers from another district in-state, by when must a transfer ARD occur to accept the IEP or create a temporary IEP?
Within 10 school days
Within 30 school days
Within 20 calendar days
Within 5 school days
For an out-of-state transfer, what must the LEA determine about the previous evaluation and IEP?
Whether evaluation is acceptable
Whether grades improved
Whether services are expensive
Whether parents agreed previously
If a student transfers after school has begun and the current evaluation is acceptable, what is the LEA timeline to convene an annual ARD?
Within 60 school days
Within 30 school days
Within 20 calendar days
Within 10 school days
If a student transfers during summer, what are the two compliant LEA actions?
Implement current IEP on first day
Convene summer ARD to revise IEP
Delay services until fall ARD
Redo the full evaluation within 10 days
If a prior district referred a student but no testing was completed, what should the receiving LEA do?
Decline evaluation until ARD
Wait for state approval
Adopt previous IEP as-is
Set a new deadline with parent
Which option is NOT one of the three ways to resolve special education disagreement?
Mediation service
Complaint resolution process
Due process hearing
Independent educational evaluation
Which practice is prohibited when determining disability or programming?
Assessing in all suspected areas
Using technically sound instruments
Using a single measure alone
Using multiple sources of data
Which statements describe Specific Learning Disability identification?
Use cognitive and achievement instruments
Require pattern of strengths and weaknesses
Confirm with one subtest discrepancy
Diagnose solely with behavior checklist
Which elements are required for Intellectual Disability identification?
Exclusive reliance on academic grades
Deficits in at least two adaptive areas
Overall cognitive score ≤70 accounting for error
Evidence of developmental-period onset
Match each MTSS tier to its typical characteristics.
Tier 1
Core, preventive, all students
Tier 2
Targeted groups, rapid response
Tier 3
Intensive, individual, high intensity
Within CHC theory, which ability focuses on knowledge acquired through culture and instruction?
Visual processing of spatial stimuli
Fluid reasoning for unfamiliar tasks
Short-term memory with working memory
Comprehension knowledge accumulated learning
Ga in CHC theory refers to which skill set?
Auditory processing intake and synthesis
Visual processing spatial analysis
Processing speed rapid rote performance
Long-term storage and retrieval
Which CHC ability is most critical when students are beginning to read in early years?
Fluid reasoning for abstract problems
Visual processing for spatial tasks
Processing speed for rote activities
Auditory processing for sound information
Match each CHC broad ability to its description.
Glr
Long-term storage and retrieval
Gsm
Short-term and working memory
Gv
Visual processing synthesis
Gs
Processing speed efficient performance
Which practice best supports tailoring instruction for student success in reports?
Complex technical language throughout
Specific recommendations aligned to needs
Omitting strengths to focus on deficits
Generic strategies without data
When an evaluation started in another district, what is required of the receiving LEA?
Delay ARD until new testing finishes
Reject data due to jurisdiction
Cooperate to obtain prior evaluation data
Repeat all assessments immediately
Parents who disagree with an evaluation may request which action?
Revocation of existing services
Immediate change of placement
An Independent Educational Evaluation
A due process hearing first
For initial IEP planning, diagnosticians provide input that should be written how?
Highly technical for specialists only
Simple and cohesive for implementation
Narrative without clear connections
Minimal to avoid bias in decisions
Which action ensures assessment results are used appropriately by school personnel?
Distribute widely to all staff
Share only with the student
Archive without stakeholder review
Provide results only to relevant personnel
Effective reports should emphasize what aspect of the student?
What the child can do and needs
Computer-generated narratives
Generic templates for efficiency
Teacher opinions on effort
Which practice should diagnosticians avoid when writing reports?
Connecting weaknesses to classroom needs
Using computer-generated scores alone
Including clear, implementable recommendations
Editing for accuracy and grammar
MDR must occur within what timeframe relative to removal from placement or a significant behavior?
Within 10 school days of removal or event
Within 20 calendar days after notice
Within 5 school days of any removal
At the next scheduled ARD meeting
If behavior is a manifestation of disability or the IEP is not implemented, what must occur regarding removal?
Suspend services for the term
Placement change requires parent consent only
Student cannot be removed from placement
Student can be removed immediately
When MDR leads to FBA and BIP, what should happen if they already exist?
Discard and start over completely
Modify to include current behavior
Leave unchanged to preserve fidelity
Convert into academic interventions
In the ABC model, which term describes what happens before the behavior?
Antecedent preceding conditions
Consequence following outcome
Behavior event itself
Function of behavior motive
Which is NOT listed as a common function of behavior?
Sensory stimulation needs
Attention seeking from peers
Academic grading improvement
Control over tasks or people
If behavior is not a manifestation of disability, what is permissible regarding placement?
IEP must be terminated
Placement must remain unchanged
Change of placement can proceed
Only suspension is allowed
Which elements are central to transition planning for students in special education?
Career development assessments
Student’s post-secondary plans
Community involvement and relationships
Eliminating all services by grade 10
