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WorksheetsPHL 106 - Week 1 Text Review
Total questions: 36
Worksheet time: 18hrs 0mins
Which best explains why Socrates distinguishes between old and new accusers at his trial?
To show slander shaped long-standing prejudice
To praise earlier teachers and new prosecutors
To divide charges by legal versus moral content
To avoid addressing Meletus and Anytus directly
What claim from the ‘old’ accusers does Socrates specifically rejects as misrepresentation?
That he writes treatises on natural science
That he trains soldiers for battles abroad
That he makes weaker arguments appear stronger
That he holds public office for many years
What prompted Socrates to begin questioning reputedly wise people?
A public decree demanded an inquiry
The Delphic oracle declared none was wiser
Anytus invited him to examine politicians
His students urged him to test sophists
In Socrates’ interpretation, why could he be ‘wiser’ than others despite claiming ignorance?
He memorized laws of Athens better than jurors
He alone grasped forms beyond human reason
He mastered rhetoric more thoroughly than rivals
He knows he does not know what he does not know
Which statement captures the Socratic Paradox as presented in the Apology?
If I do not know something, I do not think I do
I know that I know nothing about anything
Virtue can be taught by any skilled orator
The senses never mislead the rational soul
What does Socrates mean by ‘divine wisdom’ in his investigation?
Piety requires obeying ritual rather than inquiry
The gods directly reveal truth to compliant citizens
God grants sophists superior knowledge of speech
Only the god is truly wise; human wisdom is little
How does Socrates justify refusing a hypothetical order to stop philosophizing?
Obey the god rather than the jury’s command
Fear of exile would silence his conscience
Family obligations outweigh civic duties
The law requires teaching in private only
What priority does Socrates assign to the soul in his defense?
Obey traditions above questioning and doubt
Care for the soul above wealth and glory
Cultivate rhetoric above mathematics and art
Pursue honor before justice and prudence
In the gadfly metaphor, what do the gadfly and the sluggish horse represent?
Socrates and the city of Athens respectively
The jury and the restless youth respectively
Philosophers and the gods respectively
Sophists and democratic factions respectively
Why does Socrates call himself a ‘gift from God’ to the city?
His teachings align with poets and sophists
His questioning benefits Athens despite discomfort
His wealth funds civic projects without reward
His ancestry grants sacred authority in court
How does Socrates portray the consequences of executing him, as urged by Anytus?
Athenians will remain asleep without another gadfly
The youth will quickly abandon philosophy entirely
The gods will punish the city with immediate famine
The democracy will collapse under oligarchic rule
Which pair correctly matches accusers and their roles in the trial?
Anytus among the new accusers; slanderers as old
Chaerephon among the old accusers; jury as new
Meletus among the old accusers; poets as new
Pythia among the new accusers; citizens as old
Which motive does Crito emphasize when urging Socrates to escape from prison?
Ambition to gain political leadership
Personal loss of an irreplaceable friend
Desire to challenge philosophical rivals
Hope to reform Athenian democracy quickly
Why does Crito worry about public reputation if Socrates refuses escape?
Socrates would be offered exile with honors
People may think Crito valued money over friendship
Citizens might praise Socrates for obedience
Officials would secretly annul the verdict
How does Socrates evaluate the authority of public opinion?
All opinions are equal in moral deliberation
Reputation outweighs facts in ethical choice
The majority’s view determines what is truly just
Only the wise few judge reliably and carry weight
What does Socrates claim about the masses’ inconsistency?
Ordinary people consistently punish only the guilty
Ordinary people make men virtuous through praise
Ordinary people always follow expert guidance
Ordinary people act randomly and cannot confer wisdom
For Socrates, what single question matters when choosing to escape or remain?
Whether friends can fund the escape
Whether death can be postponed
Whether the act is right or wrong
Whether reputation will be protected
In Socrates’ imagined dialogue, what do the personified Laws primarily defend?
The supremacy of military commanders
The strategic interests of foreign allies
The private wishes of individual citizens
The stability of the legal order of Athens
How do the Laws link escape to the social contract?
Escaping challenges officials while preserving legality
Escaping undermines judgments and threatens the state
Escaping rejects war but respects civil courts
Escaping tests loyalty yet harms no institutions
What is the parent‑child analogy’s ethical implication for citizens?
Citizens owe filial respect and cannot retaliate
Citizens are equals who share identical rights
Citizens may disobey to correct parental errors
Citizens can suspend duties during personal crises
Which claim expresses the “persuade or obey” mandate?
Either convince the state of injustice or submit
Either follow personal conscience or defy courts
Either flee oppressive judgments or resist force
Either wait for amnesty or seek private arbitration
What form of punishment must a citizen patiently accept, according to the Laws?
Only exile decreed by unanimous popular vote
Any penalty imposed, including imprisonment or death
Any sentence once approved by philosophers
Only fines for nonviolent offenses and fees
Which theme best captures Socrates’ stance on morality versus safety?
Doing what is right outweighs fear of death
Safety and justice balance as equal goods
Reputation determines what counts as right
Avoiding harm supersedes all moral duties
What does Socrates’ commitment to integrity require in the face of execution?
Negotiating a private settlement with officials
Remaining faithful to his principles without compromise
Adopting majority views to avoid punishment
Accepting exile to teach in another city
Which statement best captures Dr. King’s distinction between just and unjust laws?
Just laws align with moral law, unjust laws oppose it
Just laws reflect majority will, unjust laws ignore elections
Just laws are efficient policies, unjust laws waste resources
Just laws are strictly enforced, unjust laws lack penalties
According to King, what makes a man‑made code a just law?
It squares with the moral law or law of God
It receives unanimous legislative approval
It is upheld by the nation’s highest court
It remains unchanged for several generations
Which example illustrates an unjust law’s impact on human personality in King’s view?
A statute degrading persons and fostering inferiority
A rule encouraging civic service and public dignity
A policy granting equal access to public resources
A code promoting mutual respect and self‑worth
King cites St. Augustine to argue what about unjust laws?
An unjust law is no law at all
An unjust law requires limited obedience
An unjust law should be reformed quietly
An unjust law needs stricter enforcement
What does King mean by “difference made legal”?
A legislature expands equal protections broadly
A minority petitions peacefully for equal rights
A court nullifies discriminatory voting rules
A majority compels a minority to obey a code
What does “sameness made legal” describe in King’s framework?
A minority imposes uniform rules on the majority
A law gives all groups identical voting access
A judge orders consistent procedures statewide
A majority compels a minority to follow its code
Why does King critique laws passed without minority representation?
They cannot be enforced by local jurisdictions
They produce excessive bureaucracy and delay
They usually lack clear constitutional authority
They bind those denied a role in enacting them
How can a law be “just on its face” yet unjust in application, per King’s example?
A zoning rule preserves public parks equitably
A tax statute funds schools in all neighborhoods
A traffic ordinance reduces accidents effectively
A neutral parade permit is used to suppress protest
Which method distinguishes civil disobedience from anarchy in King’s account?
Silent withdrawal from all public and legal life
Violent resistance aimed at overthrowing government
Secret, evasive tactics avoiding any arrest or trial
Open, loving violation with willingness to accept penalty
What is the immediate goal of civil disobedience in King’s philosophy?
To secure pardons from sympathetic officials
To win rapid electoral victories in local races
To replace court systems with neighborhood councils
To arouse the community’s conscience to injustice
How does King argue that breaking an unjust law can express respect for law?
By seeking private settlements instead of trials
By denouncing all statutes as morally irrelevant
By evading detection to expose systemic weakness
By accepting punishment to affirm the rule of law
Which precedent does King cite to show civil disobedience has deep roots?
Hobbes’s sovereign theory of absolute authority
Socrates’ defense of academic freedom and inquiry
Machiavelli’s advice to Renaissance city‑states
Napoleon’s legal reforms across continental Europe
