Which method would be the best to separate styrofoam mixed with small stones?

Petroleum is a mixture of different hydrocarbons with different boiling points. What technique must be employed to separate its components?

Panning is a method used to separate particles with higher specific gravity (like gold) from the soil/gravel mixed with it. By slowly swirling the water in the pan, the soil is suspended and is poured off slowly. This is an example of:

What properties does paper chromatography make use of to separate its components?

The image above shows the _________ of methane molecule.

It is the kind of formula used by chemists to picture out molecules by showing the bonding between atoms using either lines or electron-dot formula.

What is the correct formula for an ionic compound made up of Li⁺¹ and O^2-?

What is the formula for for an ionic compound made up of Mn⁺³ and O^2-?

What is the formula of calcium phosphate made up of Ca⁺² and PO₄^3-?

What is the chemical formula of Iron(III) bromide made up of Fe⁺³ and Br^-?

The chemical compound for sodium (Na⁺) phosphate (PO₄^3-) would be:

What is the ratio of ions in the ionic compound formed from:

Na¹⁺  F^1-         

What is the ratio of ions in the ionic compound formed from:

? Al³⁺  O^2-         

No matter what you do, sand will not dissolve in water, sand is _________ ?

 Decantation only works well if the solid forms a

The liquid that condenses during distillation is called the

How would you write the isotope name from this nuclide symbol?

Which of the following does NOT differ in isotopes of the same element?

What is a mass number?

Name the ionic compound SnSe₂

Which of these combinations is an ionic compound made of?

When naming a compound, what must the last part be?

What is the formula for diphosphorus pentoxide?

What is the chemical formula for mercury (II) oxide?

Covalent compounds are formed by

What is the correct name for the following formula C₂H₆

What is the formula for Calcium Chlorate?

What are valence electrons?

What is the octet rule?

Write the electron dot structures for the following elements:

bromine

Write the electron dot structures for the following elements:

S

Name the following ionic compounds. a) Na³N

Name the following ionic compound: InCl3

Write the chemical formula for the following ionic compounds given their names: lithium oxide

Electrons that have not been excited are said to be at:

There may be a maximum of ____ p orbitals at a given energy level.

The principle quantum number, n, represents the:

Orbital sublevels, or L, represents:

If n = 5, then "m" can be equal to

How many VALENCE ELECTRONS does Chlorine have?

Ionic bonds are formed when electrons get

Cations _______ electrons, becoming _______ charged.

The number used to do moles-atoms conversions is known as?

The formula used to find molar mass when provided with mass and number of moles is:

Which one will have the highest mass; 1 mole of oxygen, 1 mole of gold, 1 mole of hydrogen, or 1 mole of sodium?

What is the equation for percent composition?

Calculate the molar mass for the compound H₂SO₄.

The difference between the molecular and empirical formulas of a compound is:

How many liters are in 187 grams of calcium hydroxide?

Find the percent composition of each element in the compound Mg(OH)₂.

What is the empirical formula for a compound containing 38.8% carbon, 16.2% hydrogen, and 45.1% nitrogen?

Triethylenemelamine has an empirical formula of C₃H₄N₂ and a molar mass of 204.23 g/mole. What is the correct molecular formula?

What is the empirical formula for P₄O₁₀?

A mole of potassium contains 6.022 x 10²³ _____.

What is Avogadro's Number?

Determine whether the following equation is balanced or unbalanced. 4P +5O_{2 --->} 2P₂O₅

Determine whether the following equation is balanced or unbalanced. 2Fe + 3Cl₂ ---> FeCl₃

Which of the following equations is balanced?

When reacting Na with Cl₂, we calculated that the theoretical yield should be 13 grams. Our actual yield was 12.5 grams. What is the percent yield?

2Fe₂O₃ + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO₂

You add 28 grams of carbon. You find the actual yield to be 81.2 grams of CO₂. What is the percent yield of CO₂? (Hint: calculate theoretical yield of CO₂ first)

What happens to the density of the balloon if volume is doubled?

What is the density of the sphere, if its mass is 50 g?

What happens to pressure when the area over which a force is distributed increases?

Which best explains why increasing the pressure on a gas decreases the volume of the gas sample?

This law may be demonstrated by connecting a metal sphere to a manometer and varying the ambient temperature. It follows from the proposition that, as average kinetic energy increases, the frequency of molecular collisions with the sides of the container also increases. What law predicts that, under conditions of constant volume, the pressure exerted by a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature?

This law can be expressed as P equals KC, in which the constant is the ratio between fugacity and mole fraction. This law is observed whenever carbon dioxide bubbles out of a solution of soda when it is opened. What is this ideal solution law that states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above that liquid?

The formulator of this law attempted to use musical notation to describe it because he viewed it as the "music of the spheres." Because of this, this law is also known as the Law of Harmonies. What law of planetary motion explains that as the radius of orbit around the Sun increases, so does the period of any planet orbiting the Sun?

This law can be used to determine the lattice energy of an ionic solid in the Born-Haber cycle. This law establishes that enthalpy is a state function. Also called the law of constant heat summation, what law suggests that the change in enthalpy during a chemical reaction is independent of the path taken?

This equation, which calculates impulse, J, is not valid for systems where the mass is not constant. One statement of this law is that F equals dp over dt, or the derivative of momentum with respect to time. Give this law of motion, more commonly written as force equals mass times acceleration.

This ideal law can be modified with fugacity [fyoo-GAS-ih-tee] and activity coefficients, to improve use in distillation modeling. It does not predict azeotropes [uh-ZEE-uh-tropes], but can be used to calculate dew points and bubble points. Name this law which equates partial vapor pressure of a substance in liquid solution to the vapor pressure times mole fraction.

This law can be proven by the Noether [NUH-tur] theorem, given the fact that the laws of physics are symmetrical throughout time. It can be simplified to, change in U equals change in Q, minus change in W, to give the first law of thermodynamics. Name this law of physics, which states a certain entity, often measured in joules, cannot be created or destroyed.

A law named for this man preceded the ideal gas law, assuming constant volume, temperature and pressure. Identify this scientist, who gives his name to a number denoting the number of atoms or molecules in a mole.

This scientific law was at the heart of Gregor Mendel’s experiments, and dictates the central tenet of modern genetics. It relies on the concept that each gene has more than one possible allele and that offspring inherit two alleles for every trait. What law states that only one of the two alleles present in an organism is randomly distributed to each gamete during meiosis?

This law was first proposed after its namesake did an experiment with charged pith balls being used on a torsion balance he built. The proportionality constant used in this law is represented with a lowercase k and represents one over 4 times pi times the law's namesake constant. What is this inverse square law that is analogous to the law of universal gravitation and solves for the force between two different charges?

This law can be modified for non-ideal conditions by multiplying one side by fugacity [fyoo-GAS-ih-tee], and the other by an activity coefficient. While Henry's Law generally applies to very dilute solutions, this gas law is most accurate for nearly pure solutions. Identify this law which states a gas's partial pressure is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component times the mole fraction.

Examples of this law can be seen through the motion of a ball falling through the atmosphere, or a model rocket being launched into the atmosphere. This law states that objects at rest remain at rest and objects in motion remain in motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Name this law of motion.

This law, the law of definite proportions, and the law of multiple proportions work together to form the basis of stoichiometry. A classic example of this principle is burning a piece of wood within a sealed jar, an experiment similar to one first carried out by Antoine Lavoisier. What is this basic law of chemistry that says that the amount of matter before a chemical reaction must be the same after the chemical reaction?

A practical implication of this law is that adiabatic [ay-dee-uh-BAT-ik] demagnetization is limited to a nonzero lower bound. Sometimes called the Nernst Heat Theorem, it states that reactions cannot generate entropy at a certain temperature. What law states that the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at absolute zero?

Descartes [day-CART] presented the first form of this law, which follows from Fermat's [fer- MAHS] Principle of Least Time. The law explains how fiber optics work, using the principle of total internal reflection, which occurs above the critical angle. Whose law relates the speed of light in two media as the ratio of those media's indices [IN-duh-seez] of refraction?

Diodes do not obey this law because they only allow flow in one direction, and Kirchhoff [KEERKH-hawf] reformulated this law to relate the current density to the product of the conductivity and the electric field. It can be analogized to say that the rate of water flow across a flow restrictor is proportional to the pressure difference across the restrictor. Name this law that says that the voltage is the product of the current and the resistance.

In one use of this law, stress is proportional to strain, which is known as the theory of elasticity. It applies when a steel beam is bent by a weight, provided the beam is supported at both ends. Name the law that states that the force needed to stretch a spring is proportional to the distance of movement.

What law states that the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at absolute zero?

A chaotic type of this system was named for Leon Chua [chwah], while the integrated type commonly used in electronics was invented by Jack Kirby. The sum of the potentials in one of these constructs must be zero, according to Kirchhoff’s Second Law, while Ohm’s Law says that current is directly proportional to voltage in a closed one of these systems. Name this system composed of electrons moving through a wire that may include resistors, diodes, or batteries.

It can be mathematically stated using the equation delta U equals Q minus W. It divides energy transfer into heat and work, two factors which must equal a system's internal energy. In the context of thermodynamic processes, what is this formalized law of conservation of energy?

Metamaterials with negative values for this property have the ability to cloak objects, while the Kerr effect sees this value being changed by an applied electric field. It appears as the coefficient in Snell’s law, which relates it to the sine of the angle of incidence, while the arctangent of the ratio of two of these values gives Brewster’s angle. Name this dimensionless property of a medium that measures the extent to which a ray of light is bent when it enters the medium.

Which of Kepler's laws of planetary motion states that a radial vector joining an orbiting body to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times?

This law is named for a scientist who was in the so-called “Experimental Philosophy Club” with John Locke, and who worked on experiments with Robert Hooke. It describes the inverse relationship between the pressure applied to a gas, and the volume that gas takes up while the gas is maintained at a constant temperature. What is this law, that can be derived from the ideal gas law?

This quantity for a quantum system can be found by way of the Hamiltonian operator. The total amount of this must be conserved, according to the first law of thermodynamics. Give this property of a system, the ability to do work, which comes in internal, potential and kinetic types.

What name did Ralph Fowler give to this most basic law of thermodynamics that establishes the basis for quantifying temperature and constructing thermometers?

In physics, this term is defined as an inverse of plasticity, and it can be quantified using quantities such as the bulk modulus or shear modulus. Materials with the Cauchy kind of this property are also said to possess the "simple" version of this, and it is a topic of Hooke's Law. What is this ability of an object to resist distortion and return to its original shape and size?

What theoretical substance's properties are described by a law proposed by Benoît Paul Emile Clapeyron in 1834, combining several other gas laws into a unified formula?

Name this law, named for the seventeenth century British physicist who proposed it, which is only valid within the elastic limit of the material to which it is applied.

This law was first stated by Rudolf Clausius when he showed a contradiction between the ideas of Carnot and this law. This law is commonly expressed as Q equals delta U plus W or heat equals the change in potential energy plus work. What is this law of thermodynamics that is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy?

Identify this law of resistance, frequently stated as I equals V over R, which holds that current is directly proportional to the voltage across two points.

Other terms for this include pellucidity and diaphaneity. Light passing through an object described by this term obeys Snell's Law. Identify this quality of objects, which results in them being entirely see-through.

What is this law that states when the pressure is held constant, the temperature and volume are directly proportional?

This law is valid throughout a material’s elastic range. This law relates the restoring force to displacement. What is this law that describes the behavior of springs?

This man's work was verified by Carl Correns and Hugo de Vries after his research was rediscovered over 30 years after its initial publication. Ronald Fisher analyzed this man's results and started a long running debate about the possible falsification of the data he got from his experiments. Who was this man that developed the law?

Elements are made of tiny solid particles

All matter is made of atoms

Positively charged atoms with electrons. "Plum pudding"

electrons travel in fixed orbits

In chemical reactions, atoms are separated, combined, or rearranged.

conducted gold foil experiment

founded electron cloud

Founded electron

Who proposed a model with electrons moving in specific layers?

Proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in specific layers, or shells.

No matter how much extra oxygen is available, 12 grams of carbon always combines with 32 grams of oxygen to form CO₂. This best illustrates which law?

What were most Alchemists obsessed with?