WorksheetsGlobal
Total questions: 190
Worksheet time: 2hrs 3mins
Managing key relationships is fundamental to an organization as:
Retaining existing customers is more costly than acquiring new customers.
Many organizations no longer have sufficient skills, resources and time to operate on their own and pursue global market dominance.
80% of customers generate 20% of revenue according to the famous Pareto 80/20 rule.
Suppliers and retailers are normally slow to react to the changing global business environment.
The changing demographics of consumers globally present tremendous implications on the nature of opportunities for organizations. Which of the following is not true?
The need to develop and market products and services that cater to the changing needs of the ageing consumers.
Reduction in birth rates in many developed economies.
This can only be regarded as a major threat to the survival of today's organizations as it will bring significant costs to them.
Global marketers need to face up to the challenges of marketing to the growing markets in the developing nations.
For any organizations, operating in the global market environment in the 21st century requires types of management competences. Which of the following is not one of the competences required?
Analytic competence in assessing opportunities and selecting markets for entry.
Leadership competence to enforce regular downsizing and de-layering to maintain a high level of efficiency.
Strategic competence to ensure successful market entry and ongoing marketing management.
Operational competence to manage and coordinate the global marketing effort.
Which of the following is not a benefit for conducting environmental analysis?
An increase in an organization's exposure to politically unstable markets
Aid to decision making
Choice of market and marketing mix
Prioritize and manage risk factors
Within the micro-environment, a channel of distribution can BEST be described as:
All of the retailers in a country who stock a particular type of product.
All of those people and organizations involved in the process of transferring a product from the producer to the consumer.
A route plan for a company's fleet of delivery trucks, designed to minimize the cost per delivery.
A route plan for a company's fleet of delivery trucks, designed to maximize the speed of delivery.
Key controllable factors in global marketing are:
(a)
The work of an international marketer is mainly concerned with:
Adapting a marketing mix to enter a market in another country.
Establishing global brands.
Translating product instructions and advertising messages.
Transferring a marketing mix to enter a market in another country.
From the point of view of marketing, an organization that enjoys competitive advantage in an industry has done so by:
Focusing on long-term profit.
Creating superior value for customers.
Constantly enlarging its marketing activities.
Charging lower prices than the competition.
Born global shares the following similarities
They have a strong customer orientation.
They focus on a narrow global market segment.
They possess unique assets.
All of the above.
Arrange 5 five-stage decision model in global marketing:
The decision whether to internationalize
Designing the global marketing programme
Deciding which markets to enter
Marketing Entry Strategies
Implementing and Coordinating the Global Marketing Programme
(a)
Strong exchange rates can
drive imports to become cheaper.
help predict change in lifestyle across Europe.
predict the evolution of sales for particular brands.
help estimate consumer purchasing power.
Consumer product channels tend to be ___ industrial product channels.
the same length as
shorter than
identical to
longer than
When an organization's intermediary is located in the target foreign market, the international entry model is known as:
direct exporting
indirect exporting
franchising
joint-venture
Global branding is a branding alternative that bears great advantages such as:
reduction of advertising costs
elimination of brand confusion, easy identification and recognition
uniform world-wide image
all of the above
Countries in which the retail systems are fragmented tend to have:
longer distribution channels
no cartels
fewer customers
few suppliers
The strategy consisting of adapting both product and promotion for each market is known as:
product adaptation
promotion extension
straight adaptation
dual adaptation
Which of the following is true in terms of SMEs' marketing expertise?
Specialist expertise is often a constraint
Specialist expertise is never a constraint
Specialist expertise is always available
Specialist expertise is not needed
What does globalization reflect?
The trend of firms buying, developing, producing and selling products and services in most countries and regions of the world
The restriction of trade between countries to protect local industries
The focus on domestic markets and avoidance of international expansion
The elimination of technology in business operations
Within the value chain, what is considered as a support activity?
Procurement
Inbound Logistics
Operations
Marketing & Sales
Which of the following is true about value shops?
It's a model for solving problems in a service environment
It's a model for selling products
It's a model for manufacturing
It's a model for retailing
Which of the options is correct in terms of customer experience?
It provides customer value
It increases costs
It reduces customer satisfaction
It is irrelevant
Having equipment in some McDonald's stores to gather operational data that tracks customer interactions, traffic in stores and ordering patterns is an example of using what?
Big data
Cloud computing
Artificial intelligence
Internet of Things
A marketing director for a car manufacturer is given particular responsibility for the Far East markets. Which information will the marketing director require as a priority in order to analyze and screen these markets?
Price levels in each country
Competition levels in each country
The number of cars sold and income distribution per country
All of the above
Which of the following is not correct in terms of SMEs' global marketing expertise?
SME entrepreneurs have a formal business education
SME entrepreneurs lack formal business education
SME entrepreneurs have informal business education
SME entrepreneurs have global experience
Solberg’s framework (1997) is based on the following two dimensions:
Industry globalism
Preparedness for Internalization
Economies of Scale
Being a global organization means: creating both ___________ and __________products.
(a)
The goals of international marketing are to: ______ and ______ customers in global markets.
(a)
Which of the following represents a company's effort to identify and categorize groups of customers and countries according to common characteristics?
Global market segmentation
Customer segmentation
When management believes or assumes that the home country is superior and the needs of the home country are most relevant in terms of doing business internationally, then management is thought to have a (n) ______ business orientation.
Ethnocentric
Polycentric
Geocentric
Regiocentric
Which term refers to the phenomenon in which the world's population shares commonly recognized cultural symbols?
(a)
Which of the following industries are known for their high degree of globalism?
PCs, IT (software), records (CDs)
Movies and aircraft
Food and diaries
Regionalism is:
The grouping of countries into regional clusters based on geographic proximity
The process of global integration of economies
The establishment of international organizations
The promotion of individualism among nations
In the EU, SMEs constitute approximately (a) per cent of all firms.
Within an international context, what are economies of scope synonymous with?
Reusing a resource from one business/country in additional businesses/countries
Increasing production of a single product in one country
Focusing on a single market segment globally
Reducing costs by limiting operations to one country
According to the concept of the value chain, a firm is profitable if: The ____ it commands _____ the _____ involved in creating the product.
(a)
In which industries is global competition more common?
Where upstream and support activities are crucial to competitive advantage
Where local consumer preferences dominate
Where government regulation restricts foreign entry
Where products are highly customized for local markets
Internationalization is a key factor to success in the long-term survival of SMEs.
True
False
Contrary to LSEs, a characteristic of SME managers is: their limited (a) business education
The notion that a company can be both global and local represents: Local (a) (Transnational Strategy)
Research has shown that the (a) of the organization typically makes the first decision to internationalize in SMEs.
Global car manufacturers such as Ford and Volkswagen achieve great economies of (a) by: using similar engines and gear boxes across their entire product range.
Global car manufacturers such as Ford and Volkswagen achieve great economies of (a) by: using similar engines and gear boxesin different models of cars
Estimation of total market is calculated as: number of ______ × average _______ per year
(a)
An international organization may design a product in country A, produce parts for it in countries B, C, D and E, assemble the product in country F, and then export it worldwide. This is an example of: the globalization of (a)
Based upon the flowchart in Figure 2.1 showing the pre-internationalization process, which of the following sentences is correct?
Proactive motives act as the input for SMEs’ pre-internationalization process
Reactive motives are the only factor in SMEs’ pre-internationalization process
SMEs’ pre-internationalization process begins with market entry strategies
The flowchart in Figure 2.1 does not include motives for internationalization
What refers to internal or external events taking place to initiate internationalization?
Internationalization trigger
Globalization factor
Market expansion event
Cross-border catalyst
What acts as a barrier for internationalization initiation?
Insufficient market knowledge
High domestic demand
Advanced technological infrastructure
Strong government support
Proactive motives for internationalization steam mainly from:
Internal pull for the company to internationalize
External pressure from competitors
Government regulations and restrictions
Random market fluctuations
Which of the following are positive reasons for internationalization?
Market Diversification
International Competitiveness
Economies of Scale
All of the above
It is generally believed that SMEs and firm that are in their early stages of internationalization are more likely to use ______ procedures:
Rules of the thumbs
Psychic distance
Cultural distance
The first of second answer above
In the case of SMEs, increasing internationalization often results in:
Global strategies
Individual withdrawals
Multiple withdrawals
Multi-domestic strategies
In Sven Hollensen's view, ______ are perhaps the most critical factor in the initiation of the internationalization process in the SME:
Information and knowledge
Financial resources
Government policies
Market competition
Which of the following does not represent a political risk in the internationalization process?
Difficulties in obtaining export financing
Expropriation of assets by foreign governments
Changes in foreign government policies
Political instability in the target market
The following represent major reactive motives for initiating export:
Overproduction/excess capacity and unsolicited foreign order
Competitive pressures
Extended sales of seasonal products
Strong domestic market growth
According to Svend Hollensen, the main internal triggers of export initiation are:
Perceptive management.
Specific internal event
Importing as inward internationalization
What reflects the traditional marketing focus on the firm’s core competences combined with opportunities in the foreign environment?
The Penrosian tradition
The Uppsala model
The Eclectic paradigm
The Born Global approach
With reference to the four different modes of entering an international market (Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975), which of the following statements is correct?
The first stage of entering an international market is characterized by no regular export activities (sporadic export).
The first stage of entering an international market is characterized by establishing a wholly owned subsidiary.
The first stage of entering an international market is characterized by forming a joint venture with a local partner.
The first stage of entering an international market is characterized by direct investment in production facilities.
Four Different modes of Operation: No regular export (______ Export) -> Independent _____ -> Foreign sales subsidiary -> Foreign production & sales subsidiary
(a)
When do transaction costs emerge?
When market fails to operate under the requirements of perfect competition.
When all firms have equal market power.
When there are no barriers to entry in the market.
When resources are perfectly allocated.
Which of the following is a basic assumption of the network model?
Companies usually depend on other companies
Companies always operate independently
Companies never interact with each other
Companies do not require any external resources
Why would K-pop be considered 'born-global'?
They operate in international markets from the earliest days of their establishment
They only perform in their home country
They focus solely on traditional music styles
They avoid collaborations with foreign artists
According to the original Uppsala Internationalization Model:
Lack of knowledge of foreign markets is a barrier to internationalization
Internationalization always starts with joint ventures
Firms prefer to enter distant markets first
Companies have complete information before internationalizing
An international online firm is most likely:
A born global firm
A local retailer
A domestic manufacturer
A regional distributor
The main consequence according to the Uppsala model is that organizations tend to:
Intensify their commitment towards foreign markets as their experience grows
Reduce their involvement in international markets over time
Avoid entering foreign markets regardless of experience
Focus exclusively on domestic markets as their experience grows
According to the TCA model, firms integrate _____ in order to reduce transaction costs:
Vertically
Horizontally
Regionally
Functionally
Psychic distance refers to factors such as:
Differences in language, culture and political systems
Geographical proximity between countries
Economic similarities between nations
Shared technological advancements
According to the incremental approach, firms typically begin their internationalization by going to those markets that they can:
Dominate.
Easily access geographically.
Easily influence.
Most easily understand
Uppsala is a city in (a)
A defining characteristic of born globals is:relatively unique products or process (a) .
The network model of internationalization argues that internationalizing firms typically engage in networks which are primarily: (a)
One of the main criticisms of the Uppsala model is that the internationalization model is not valid for: (a) organization
The global financial market is an example of the phenomenon of " (a) globals"
A very important trend in favour of born globals is the recent advance in: (a)
According to the case study, LG applied (a) in order to support their product launch of the new L series of smart phones.
There are 11 official languages in ______ and these tend to be vernacular/dialects. In consequence, researchers must fix the conceptual aspect and then adjust it in order to be able to convey the same idea and try to eliminate bias introduced in translation.
South Africa
Australia
Asian
Which country has the largest economy (as measured by GNP) of the nations in ASEAN?
Indonesia
Saudi Arabia
Brazil
Which member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has both the largest economy and population?
Indonesia
Saudi Arabia
Brazil
The country with the largest telecommunication sector in all of Latin America is:
Indonesia
Saudi Arabia
Brazil
Which member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has both the largest economy and population?
Indonesia
Saudi Arabia
Brazil
During the past 10–15 years there has been much focus on internationalization in (a) , where a firm has different relationships not only with customers but also with other actors in the environment.
Which of the following is NOT a stage in the Uppsala internationalization model?
No regular Export (Sporadic Export)
Independent Intermediary
Joint Venture
Foreign Sales Subsidiary
Foreign Production and Sales Subsidiary
The original stage model has been extended by Welch and Loustarinen (1988), who operate with six dimensions of internationalization including:
Foreign Operation Methods
Sales Object + Markets + Finance + Personnel
Transportation Costs
Organizational Structure
Domestic Competition
A true multinational organization will often adopt a (a) strategy.
- Porter's diamond represent the (a) stage in the model
Porter's five-forces model is defined as: The state of competition and profit potential in an industry dependent on five basic competitive forces: new entrants, suppliers, buyers, (a) and market competitors.
Which of the following is correct in terms of perceived value? It might lead to brand (a)
Which of these are considered an example of company resources?
Human and organization resources
Core Competences
Decreased Value
Market Shares
Which of the following is not a determinant of the threat of new entrants in Porter's Five Forces Model?
Brand equity
Perceived level of product differentiation
Access to distribution
Government policies
Which of the following statements is true? Competitive benchmarking _____
Assesses relative market performance compared which main competitors
Focuses only on internal process improvements without external comparison
Ignores industry standards and best practices
Is unrelated to analyzing competitors' strengths and weaknesses
Why is Airbnb an example of shared economy?
Airbnb customers are able to make short-term rentals of assets (e.g., holiday homes) owned by service providers, typically through an online marketplace.
Airbnb only allows long-term property investments for large corporations.
Airbnb operates exclusively as a traditional hotel chain with no peer-to-peer transactions.
Airbnb provides free accommodation to travelers without any payment or rental agreements.
Which of the following is one of the downsteam value chain activities?
Inbound logistics
Operations
Outbound logistics
Marketing & Sales
Services
Which of the following statements about blue oceans is true?
They denote an environment where companies beat the competition by focusing on developing compelling value innovations that create an uncontested marketplace.
They involve an environment where companies beat the competition by tough head-to-head competition in mature industries, fighting over a shrinking profit pool.
Which of the following statements about red oceans is true?
They denote an environment where companies beat the competition by focusing on developing compelling value innovations that create an uncontested marketplace.
They involve an environment where companies beat the competition by tough head-to-head competition in mature industries, fighting over a shrinking profit pool.
Internationalizing the downstream value chain means that: ________
Marketing is moved to a foreign country
Production is shifted to a domestic location
Research and development is outsourced locally
Human resources are centralized in the home country
Imperfect competition in international markets occurs in: ________
oligopsony (độc quyền nhóm mua, ex: Nestle, Cargill, Mars kiểm soát thị trường Cacao)
monopoly (độc quyền bán, ex: ngành điện VN)
monopsony (độc quyền mua, ex: 1 nhà máy đường, nhiều gia đình trồng mía)
Price-fixing is a form of collusion which typically occurs in a situation of:
oligopsony (độc quyền nhóm mua, ex: Nestle, Cargill, Mars kiểm soát thị trường Cacao)
monopoly (độc quyền bán, ex: ngành điện VN)
monopsony (độc quyền mua, ex: 1 nhà máy đường, nhiều gia đình trồng mía)
According to Porter's diamond, the characteristics of the ________ play a central role in explaining the international competitiveness of the firm:
Home base
Foreign market
Global supply chain
International subsidiaries
The value chain activities by which the firm is regarded as a better performer than any of its competitors are known as: ________
Core resources
Corporate competences
Core competences
Personal competences
What metaphor is used to describe the competitive space where products are not yet well defined, competitors are not structured, and the market is relatively unknown?
Blue ocean
Red ocean
Green field
Black swan
Portugal is relatively better at producing wine than wheat, so Portugal is said to have a (n) (a) advantage in the production of wine.
If Portugal can produce wheat and wine much cheaper than England can, then it can be concluded that Portugal has a(n) (a) advantage in both commodities.
When an organization is more successful at creating value for customers than its competitors, it can be said that the organization has a(n) (a) advantage in the industry.
According to the ________, it can be concluded that firms have a competitive advantage in a market if they offer products of a higher perceived value to the customers and lower relative costs than competing firms:
Competitive triangle
Porter's Five Forces
Porter's Diamond
Value Chain Model
An organization competing internationally should be aware of (a) which are common in oligopolistic markets.
The key international marketing principles are: ________
Value, focus and competitive advantage
Price, promotion and place
Innovation, leadership and teamwork
Growth, expansion and diversification
Organizations attempting to compete effectively in global markets are faced with the following main interrelated challenges: ________
Complexity, change, competition and conscience
Growth, stability, profit and prestige
Innovation, tradition, leadership and loyalty
Expansion, regulation, technology and trust
An indication of fierce international competition is given by which factors?
Competitors are numerous
High exit barriers
Competitors are of equal size and power
Slow market growth and constant battle for market share
Which of the following sentences best summarize the differences between the red and blue oceans strategies?
Red oceans are about avoiding head-to-head competition while blue oceans are about rivals fighting over a shrinking profit pool.
Red oceans denote an environment where products are not yet well defined while blue oceans refer to the frequently accessed marketplaces.
In the red oceans, industry boundaries are defined and accepted and the competitive rules of the game are known. Blue oceans are occasionally created well beyond existing industry boundaries.
Blue oceans are an old paradigm that represents all the industries in existence today while red oceans are those where companies beat competition by focusing on value innovations.
Nintendo attempts to create a (a) by offering a unique gaming experience and keeping the cost of its system lower than Sony’s and Microsoft’s.
Nintendo’s Wii has managed to become a market leader by emphasizing which of the following?
non-traditional users characteristics
lower price than its competition
product simplicity
Being focused in global marketing is equal to:concentrating on core ______ and ______ .
(a)
A global market challenger is an organization that aims to attack the market leader as well as the strong ___ and weaker ___
(a)
In relation to Figure 4.1 describing the firm’s international competitiveness, the Porter diamond model is a part of (a) -level analysis.
In relation to Figure 4.1 describing the firm’s international competitiveness, the Porter 5-source model is a part of (a) -level analysis.
In relation to Figure 4.1 describing the firm’s international competitiveness, Value chain Analysis is a part of (a) -level analysis.
Why international marketing decisions are concerned with allocation of resources between countries?
Because they have to deal with different countries
Because they only focus on domestic markets
Because resources are unlimited in every country
Because marketing is the same everywhere
Which question is used to judge effectively the reliability of data sources?
Who collected the data?
What is the color of the data?
How old is the collector?
Where was the data stored?
In qualitative research...
Design is flexible (the interviewer and his or her competence is the critical element in the research process).
Design is always rigid and predetermined before the study begins.
The interviewer has no influence on the research process.
Quantitative data is the only focus of qualitative research.
A study conducted by a market research specialist that covers many topics, where companies can buy questions in the survey and receive an analysis of the questions purchased, is an example of:
Omnibus studies
Panel studies
Longitudinal studies
Focus group studies
The political and economic environment Political/legal environment compromises three dimensions: _____, host country environment and general international environment.
Home country environment
Economic environment
Cultural environment
Technological environment
Fishing is an example of ______
Primary economic activity
Secondary economic activity
Tertiary economic activity
Quaternary economic activity
Manufacturing is an example of ______
Primary economic activity
Secondary economic activity
Tertiary economic activity
Quaternary economic activity
Education, Transport, Leisure are examples of ______
Primary economic activity
Secondary economic activity
Tertiary economic activity
Quaternary economic activity
GNP per capita is primarily used as a predictor of people’s:
Ability To Buy
Income Equality
Technological Development
Quality Of Life
A recessionary gap causes national debt to increase because: _____ ___ receipts drop off markedly
(a)
Which of the following is true about GNP?
It is the value of all goods and services produced by a country during a one-year period
It only includes the value of goods produced within the country's borders
It excludes services from its calculation
It is calculated monthly
Political/legal environment compromises three dimensions: (a) , host country environment and general international environment
To join the EU, countries must fulfil some conditions (Copenhagen criteria) such as:
Respect human rights
Increase military spending
Ban international trade
Reduce education standards
____ is one of the key elements proposed by Prahalad to thrive in the low-income market.
Shaping aspirations (tailoring local solutions to target consumers who want value and are well aware of the value brands).
Ignoring local needs and preferences.
Focusing solely on premium products.
Limiting access to global brands.
Which type of barriers become much more prevalent in times of recession?
Non-tariff barriers
Tariff barriers
Technological barriers
Geographical barriers
In the book, culture is defined as: the _____ ____ in which a society understands, decides and communicates
(a)
In this culture, equality is a desirable value. However the actual behaviour of _________ does not show so much equality, as in this culture people should get what they deserve if they have the capabilities to work hard.
China
Korea
Japan
Americans
The many different bows used in Japan, such as the bow for meeting colleagues in the hall, the bow for greeting customers and the bow for special occasions, are examples of: (a) communivation
Confucianism (Nho giáo) has adherents mainly in:
China
Korea
Japan
Americans
In this country, beliefs emphasize the spiritual progress of each person’s soul rather than hard work and wealth creation.
China
Korea
Japan
India
Confucianism (Nho giáo) has adherents mainly in:
China
Korea
Japan
Americans
The cultural environment of a country is best defined by which characteristics?
Values
Attitudes
Heroes
Myths
Symbols
China is an example of a ______ system:
Market socialism
An economic union
Centrally planes socialism
Tribal confederacy
In Svend Hollensen’s classification, which of the following are major types of political risk?
Ownership risk
Operating risk
Partnership risk
Transfer risk
Political risk
Svend Hollensen argues that when barriers to leaving a market are high due to such factors as lack of opportunities elsewhere, high vertical integration, emotional barriers or the high cost of closing down plant, rivalry will be more (a) than when exit barriers are low.
Which of the following is not a common form of tariff?
Specific
Ad Valoren
Embargoes
Discriminatory
The European Union is an example of:
An economic union
Market socialism
Centrally planes socialism
_____ is the economic system whereby the state holds broad powers to serve the public interest, it decided what goods and services are produced and in what quantities and demand typically exceeds supply:
An economic union
Market socialism
Centrally planes socialism
The economic system that relies upon consumers to determine the allocation of resources is known as a ________ system.
An economic union
Market socialism
Market allocation
The Economist’s exchange-rate scorecard, known as the Big Mac Index, shows that in 2010 currencies continued to be cheap in the developing world but over-valued in Europe. TRUE
True
False
Some key economic factors that marketers need to consider in view of planning for international marketing ares
interest rates, inflation and employment levels
economic growth, GDP per capita and GNP, balance of trade
levels of literacy and demographics
the first and second answers above only
An EU country’s government delaying the privatization of its national telecommunication giant is an example of which of the forces driving and restraining global marketing and integration?
National Control
Market Control
Price Control
Tax Control
An EU country’s government delaying the privatization of its national telecommunication giant is an example of which of the forces driving and restraining global marketing and integration?
National Control
Market Control
Price Control
Tax Control
Which of the following options contains the correct order from the lowest to the highest level of economic integration: From ____ trade area to ____ union to ____ market to ____ union
(a)
The concept of friendship is ambiguous and does not exist in ________ society.
Japanese
American
Among the factors that affect the balance of trade figures are:
Exchange rates
Taxes
Tariffs
Trade measures
Credit policy
Which of the following statements about elections are true to a marketer carrying out a global political environment analysis?
Elections are often a poor guide to a country’s overall state of democracy and civil liberties.
A country with frequent elections always has a lower Operating Risk.
Democratic elections are the only reliable indicator of a country's openness to foreign investment.
Political environment analysis is only necessary for Host Country, not Home Country.
Global marketers should emphasize __________ in countries ranking low in power distance:
Functional product benefits
Status symbols
Hierarchical relationships
Authority figures
Which of the following is true about culture characteristic?
It is shared (it is interrelated: that is, one part of the culture is deeply connected with another part, such as religion and marriage, business and social status).
It is shared (it is interrelated: that is, one part of the culture is deeply connected with another part, such as religion and marriage, business and social status).
Which of the following is true about low-context cultures? They have ___ time consciousness
low
high
Which reference to Hofstede's model, when people are motivated by a more qualitative goal set as a means to job enrichment, this is related to:
Low masculinity
High power distance
High uncertainty avoidance
Individualism
Which of the following statements best illustrates individualist versus collectivist cultures?
The USA is an individualistic culture, while Japan is a collectivist culture
The USA is an collectivist culture, while Japan is a individualistic culture
Parody fits ____power distance cultures.
low
high
Which of the following American values does not mean anything when translated into Japanese?
Salvation
Arigatou
Which of the following sentences is not true?
In large power distance and collectivistic cultures, children remain dependent on their parents much more than those in small power distance and individualistic cultures.
In small power distance cultures, freedom means independence.
Characteristic of weak uncertainty avoidance is resistance to change, a desire for stability.
The norm, the desirable, in masculine societies is that one wants to show one's success.
Which of the following is true about the Self-Reference Criterion (SRC)?
The first step is to define the problem in terms of home country culture, traits, habits and norms
SRC encourages ignoring cultural differences in international business
SRC suggests that all cultures have the same norms and habits
SRC is not relevant in global marketing decisions
Which of the following is not true about high-context cultures?
Negotiations are lengthy
Competitive bidding is less important.
People make a big deal out of private space.
Lawyers are less important.
_____ enhance brand performance in countries that rank high on the power distance dimension in Hofstede's model:
Social brand images
Functional brand images
Economic brand images
Technological brand images
The cultural environment of a country is best defined by which characteristics?
Values, attitudes, heroes, myths and symbols
Economic growth, infrastructure, and technology
Political stability, legal systems, and governance
Climate, geography, and natural resources
Hyperbole, persuasiveness, dreams, great expectations, and comparative advertising are reflections of which Hofstede's dimensions?
Masculinity
Individualism
Uncertainty Avoidance
Power Distance
Which of the following sentences is not true?
Characteristics of weak uncertainty avoidance is resistance to change, a desire for stability
Weak uncertainty avoidance cultures are comfortable with ambiguity and risk
Strong uncertainty avoidance cultures prefer clear rules and structure
Weak uncertainty avoidance cultures are open to innovation and new ideas
Which approach do LSEs use in the international market selection process?
The systematic approach
The random approach
The intuitive approach
The opportunistic approach
What is the problem with defining international markets as a country or group of countries?
Country boundaries do not necessarily relate to differences in buyer characteristic.
It always leads to higher profits for companies.
It guarantees cultural similarity among buyers.
It simplifies all marketing strategies.
Which of the following is considered as a fine-grained screening method?
The market attractiveness/competitive strength matrix
SWOT analysis
PESTLE analysis
Porter's Five Forces
What is considered to be one of the drawbacks of traditional approaches to segmentation?
It is difficult to be consistent about segmentation across different markets.
It always guarantees higher profits in every market.
It eliminates the need for market research.
It ensures identical customer preferences everywhere.
Which option best describes the waterfall approach?
It is a suitable approach for unexperienced companies to enter new markets.
It is used for advanced companies only.
It is not suitable for international expansion.
It is only for domestic markets.
Within the Herfindahl index, what does **** C represent?
The export concentration index
The import concentration index
The market share index
The risk index
Mediocrity is proof of failure in ________ cultures.
low-context
high-context
masculine
non-verbal communication
SME's choice for international market selection is often limited to:
Immediate neighbors
Distant countries
Advanced economies
Emerging markets
High degree of measurability, accessibility and actionability in international market segmentation equals analysis of general characteristics such as geographic, language, political factors, etc.
True
False
Which of the following represent the main determinants of a firm's choice for international markets?
The environment & the firms' characteristics
Only the environment
Only the firm's characteristics
Market trends
BERI, a useful tool in the coarse-grained, macro-oriented screening of international markets, stands for:
Business Environment Risk Index
Business Economic Risk Indicator
Basic Export Risk Index
Business Evaluation Rating Index
Income and population are two variables that can be used in ________ segmentation.
demographic
geographic
psychographic
behavioral
Which of the following tools measures the general quality of a country's business climate?
Euromoney
BERI
BMI
The ___ is based upon the identification of relative changes in international import shares among various countries.
Shift-share approach
Gravity model
Comparative advantage theory
Heckscher-Ohlin model
Waterfall approach
According to which approach have multinational companies stripped away features of new products or technologies, originally for advanced countries, in order to offer them at lower prices to people in developing countries?
Waterfall approach
Shift-share approach
Undifferentiated approach
Market share approach
When an organization selling electric and electronic household goods evaluates international markets in view of entering them, a crucial factor taken into account is represented by:
the economic factors
cultural proximity
geographic distance
population size
The least demanding targeting strategy in international marketing is:
Differentiated
Undifferentiated
Concentrated
Focused
A marketing director for a condom manufacturer is given particular responsibility to market condoms internationally. Which environmental factors will likely have the greatest impact on the marketing director's decision?
Economic
Socio-cultural
Political
SMEs' choice for international market selection is often limited to:
Immediate neighbors
Distant countries
Advanced economies
Emerging markets
Which of the following are positive reasons for internationalization?
market diversification
economies of scale
international competitiveness
Which of the following is not a major reactive motif for initiating export?
Foreign market opportunities/market information
Unsolicited foreign orders
Competitive pressures
Proximity to international customers/psychological distanc
A marketer can use the age distribution of the population in a market to:
Identify target customer segments for products and services.
Determine the average income of the population.
Predict the weather patterns in the market area.
Calculate the total land area of the market.
Which of the following is one of the downstream value chain activities?
Inbound logistics
Operation
Outbound logistics
Marketing and Sales
Services
Which of the following is true about low-context cultures? They have ____ time consciousness
high
low
