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Page 1

Total questions: 73

Worksheet time: 37mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Why did Gregor Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments?

a)

They are rare plants

b)

They have only one trait

c)

They have distinct traits and short generation times

d)

They require special equipment

2.

What does “true-breeding” mean?

a)

Parents are heterozygous

b)

Offspring show different phenotypes

c)

Parents produce offspring with the same phenotype

d)

Traits blend together

3.

What trait did Mendel study first?

a)

Seed shape

b)

Flower color

c)

Pod color

d)

Plant height

4.

What was the phenotype of the F1 generation when purple and white flowers were crossed?

a)

All white

b)

All purple

c)

Half purple, half white

d)

Pink

5.

What is a character in genetics?

a)

A gene

b)

A chromosome

c)

A heritable feature

d)

A phenotype

6.

Which is an example of a trait?

a)

Flower color

b)

Eye color

c)

Purple flowers

d)

Height

7.

What was the F2 phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross?

a)

1:1

b)

2:1

c)

3:1

d)

9:3:3:1

8.

What are alternative forms of a gene called?

a)

Traits

b)

Alleles

c)

Chromosomes

d)

Loci

9.

Where are alleles located?

a)

Centromere

b)

Chromatid

c)

Locus

d)

Nucleus

10.

What does the Law of Segregation state?

a)

Traits blend together

b)

Alleles separate equally during gamete formation

c)

Only dominant traits are inherited

d)

Genes are linked

11.

How many alleles does each gamete receive?

a)

Two

b)

Three

c)

One

d)

Four

12.

What is a Punnett square used for?

a)

Studying chromosomes

b)

Predicting offspring genotypes

c)

Measuring mutations

d)

Mapping genes

13.

In the cross Hh × Hh, how many blue phenotypes appear?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

14.

What is a test cross used for?

a)

Determining phenotype

b)

Finding genotype of a dominant trait

c)

Creating hybrids

d)

Studying mutations

15.

How many traits are involved in a monohybrid cross?

a)

One

b)

Two

c)

Three

d)

Four

16.

How many traits are involved in a dihybrid cross?

a)

One

b)

Two

c)

Three

d)

Four

17.

What does the Law of Independent Assortment state?

a)

Alleles separate equally

b)

Genes blend together

c)

Alleles of different genes assort independently

d)

Genes remain linked

18.

When does independent assortment occur?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis I

c)

Meiosis II

d)

Fertilization

19.

What is the F2 ratio of a dihybrid cross?

a)

3:1

b)

1:2:1

c)

9:3:3:1

d)

2:1

20.

What is incomplete dominance?

a)

One allele hides the other

b)

Both alleles are expressed

c)

An intermediate phenotype appears

d)

Traits skip generations

21.

What is codominance?

a)

One allele dominates

b)

Alleles blend

c)

Both alleles are fully expressed

d)

One allele disappears

22.

Which is an example of codominance?

a)

Pink flowers

b)

AB blood type

c)

Brown eyes

d)

Tall plants

23.

What is epistasis?

a)

One gene affects many traits

b)

Many genes affect one trait

c)

One gene masks another

d)

Alleles assort independently

24.

What is pleiotropy?

a)

One gene affects multiple traits

b)

Many genes affect one trait

c)

Genes are linked

d)

Chromosomes separate

25.

What is polygenic inheritance?

a)

One gene affects many traits

b)

Multiple genes affect one trait

c)

Traits skip generations

d)

Genes are recessive

26.

Hydrangea flower color is influenced by:

a)

Genetics only

b)

Environment only

c)

Genetics and environment

d)

Random chance

27.

What is the purpose of a pedigree?

a)

To predict mutations

b)

To track inheritance patterns

c)

To measure DNA

d)

To compare species

28.

Which type of disorder is more common?

a)

Dominant

b)

Recessive

c)

Codominant

d)

Polygenic

29.

What does the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance state?

a)

Traits blend

b)

Genes are on chromosomes

c)

Alleles disappear

d)

Only one parent passes traits

30.

Which two laws are included in chromosome theory?

a)

Dominance and recessiveness

b)

Segregation and independent assortment

c)

Mutation and linkage

d)

Codominance and epistasis

31.

What organism did Thomas Hunt Morgan study?

a)

Mice

b)

Corn

c)

Fruit flies

d)

Pea plants

32.

Why were fruit flies useful for genetics research?

a)

Large size

b)

Long life span

c)

Fast reproduction and few chromosomes

d)

Easy colors

33.

What did Morgan’s white-eye experiment show?

a)

Eye color is autosomal

b)

Eye color is polygenic

c)

Eye color is X-linked

d)

Eye color is dominant

34.

What does hemizygous mean?

a)

Two copies of a gene

b)

One copy of a gene

c)

No copies of a gene

d)

Multiple alleles

35.

X-linked recessive disorders are more common in males because:

a)

They have two X chromosomes

b)

They inherit more genes

c)

They have only one X chromosome

d)

Traits skip females

36.

What happens to one X chromosome in female cells?

a)

It duplicates

b)

It mutates

c)

It becomes inactive

d)

It is deleted

37.

What is a Barr body?

a)

An active X chromosome

b)

An inactivated X chromosome

c)

A Y chromosome

d)

A mutation

38.

What is an example of X-chromosome inactivation?

a)

Fruit flies

b)

Hydrangeas

c)

Calico cats

d)

Pea plants

39.

What are linked genes?

a)

Genes on different chromosomes

b)

Genes far apart on the same chromosome

c)

Genes close together on the same chromosome

d)

Genes that assort independently

40.

Recombinant offspring are produced because of:

a)

Mutation

b)

Independent assortment

c)

Crossing over

d)

Fertilization

41.

What are parental phenotypes?

a)

New trait combinations

b)

Original trait combinations

c)

Mutated traits

d)

Recessive traits

42.

Which increases genetic variation?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Crossing over

c)

DNA replication

d)

Cytokinesis

43.

What process breaks the connection between linked genes?

a)

Fertilization

b)

Independent assortment

c)

Crossing over

d)

Mutation

44.

What is nondisjunction?

a)

Chromosome duplication

b)

Failure of chromosomes to separate

c)

DNA mutation

d)

Crossing over

45.

What is the result of nondisjunction?

a)

Normal chromosome number

b)

Polygenic traits

c)

Aneuploidy

d)

Gene linkage

46.

What is the result of fertilization involving gametes in which nondisjunction occurred?

a)

Polygenic inheritance

b)

Normal chromosome number

c)

Aneuploidy

d)

Codominance

47.

What type of dominance results in an F1 phenotype that is intermediate between the two parents?

a)

Codominance

b)

Complete dominance

c)

Incomplete dominance

d)

Epistasis

48.

What is it called when homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate in meiosis II?

a)

Crossing over

b)

Independent assortment

c)

Nondisjunction

d)

Mutation

49.

Which process occurs during metaphase I when homologous chromosome pairs line up randomly?

a)

Crossing over

b)

Independent assortment

c)

Segregation

d)

Fertilization

50.

What type of inheritance involves the additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotype?

a)

Pleiotropy

b)

Epistasis

c)

Polygenic inheritance

d)

Codominance

51.

What type of organism did Thomas Hunt Morgan use in his experiments?

a)

Pea plants

b)

Mice

c)

Fruit flies

d)

Bacteria

52.

What term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a character?

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Hemizygous

c)

Homozygous

d)

Dominant

53.

Which term refers to many varieties with distinct features, such as flower color?

a)

Traits

b)

Characters

c)

Alleles

d)

Genotypes

54.

What is it called when pollen from one flower is transferred to another flower to create a cross?

a)

Self-pollination

b)

Test cross

c)

Cross-pollination

d)

Fertilization

55.

What are alternative versions of a gene called?

a)

Traits

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Alleles

d)

Loci

56.

Which law states that two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation?

a)

Law of Independent Assortment

b)

Law of Dominance

c)

Law of Segregation

d)

Chromosome Theory

57.

Morgan discovered that genes must be ______ because only males showed white eyes in the F2 generation.

a)

Autosomal

b)

Dominant

c)

X-linked

d)

Polygenic

58.

What is a family tree that traces the inheritance of a trait?

a)

Karyotype

b)

Pedigree

c)

Punnett square

d)

Genome

59.

What is the genotype of a human male?

a)

XX

b)

YY

c)

XY

d)

XO

60.

What process occurs in prophase I that breaks the physical connection between genes on the same chromosome?

a)

Independent assortment

b)

Crossing over

c)

Fertilization

d)

Segregation

61.

What occurs when a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus?

a)

Pleiotropy

b)

Codominance

c)

Epistasis

d)

Polygenic inheritance

62.

What term describes when one gene affects multiple phenotypic traits?

a)

Epistasis

b)

Codominance

c)

Polygenic inheritance

d)

Pleiotropy

63.

Which theory explains that chromosome behavior during meiosis accounts for Mendel’s laws?

a)

Cell Theory

b)

Gene Theory

c)

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

d)

Theory of Evolution

64.

What are genes located close together on the same chromosome called?

a)

Independent genes

b)

Linked genes

c)

Recessive genes

d)

Polygenic genes

65.

What type of inheritance occurs when two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways?

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Epistasis

c)

Codominance

d)

Pleiotropy

66.

What term describes plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate?

a)

Hybrid

b)

Heterozygous

c)

True-breeding

d)

Polygenic

67.

What type of cross involves breeding an individual with a recessive homozygote to determine an unknown genotype?

a)

Dihybrid cross

b)

Self-cross

c)

Test cross

d)

Monohybrid cross

68.

Blood type is an example of what, when genes exist in more than two allelic forms?

a)

Codominance

b)

Polygenic inheritance

c)

Multiple alleles

d)

Epistasis

69.

What does an inactivated X chromosome condense into?

a)

Chromatid

b)

Centromere

c)

Barr body

d)

Nucleosome

70.

Which generation produces a 3:1 phenotypic ratio?

a)

P generation

b)

F1 generation

c)

F2 generation

d)

Test cross generation

71.

Which type of inherited disorder is more common?

a)

Dominant

b)

Codominant

c)

Recessive

d)

Polygenic

72.

What is the genotype of a human female?

a)

XY

b)

YY

c)

XX

d)

XO

73.

What term describes variations of a character, such as purple or white flowers?

a)

Alleles

b)

Characters

c)

Traits

d)

Genotypes

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