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Lecture Quiz 2 Review

Total questions: 42

Worksheet time: 22mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which structure allows bacteria to exchange DNA during conjugation?

a)

Capsule

b)

Flagellum

c)

Pili

d)

Ribosome

2.

Which component is found only in Gram-negative bacteria?

a)

Teichoic acids

b)

Peptidoglycan

c)

Capsule

d)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

3.

Which bacterial structure protects cells from phagocytosis?

a)

Flagellum

b)

Capsule

c)

Pili

d)

Ribosome

4.

Which ribosome type is found in prokaryotic cells?

a)

80S

b)

60S

c)

70S

d)

90S

5.

Which structure stores genetic material in prokaryotes?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Nucleoid

c)

Golgi Apparatus

d)

Lysosome

6.

Gram-positive bacteria appear what color after Gram staining?

a)

Pink

b)

Red

c)

Purple

d)

Green

7.

Which bacterial structure is responsible for movement?

a)

Fimbriae

b)

Pili

c)

Flagella

d)

Capsule

8.

Which type of glycocalyx is loosely attached to the cell surface?

a)

Capsule

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Slime Layer

d)

Outer membrane

9.

Which bacteria are known to form endospores?

a)

Escherichia and Salmonella

b)

Bacillus and Clostridium

c)

Neisseria and Staphylococcus

d)

Mycoplasma and Chlamydia

10.

Which molecule makes up bacterial cell walls?

a)

Cellulose

b)

Chitin

c)

Phospholipid

d)

Peptidoglycan

11.

What type of transport requires energy?

a)

Passive diffusion

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Active Transport

12.

Which structure helps bacteria attach to surfaces and form biofilms?

a)

Flagella

b)

Fimbriae

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Endospores

13.

Which organelle modifies, packages, and ships proteins in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Golgi Apparatus

c)

Lysosome

d)

Mitochondria

14.

Which structure is responsible for lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

c)

Lysosome

d)

Golgi Apparatus

15.

Which arrangement describes flagella distributed over the entire bacterial surface?

a)

Monotrichous

b)

Lophotrichous

c)

Amphitrichous

d)

Peritrichous

16.

Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in all cells?

a)
Mitochondria
b)
Golgi apparatus
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Nucleus
17.

Gram-negative bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than Gram-positive bacteria.

a)

True

b)

False

18.

Pili are primarily used for movement.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

Endospores are resistant to heat, radiation, and chemicals.

a)

True

b)

False

20.

Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger than prokaryotic ribosomes.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

Mycoplasma species lack cell walls.

a)

True

b)

False

22.

A bacterium stains pink and contains LPS. What type is it?

a)
Acid-fast bacterium
b)
Gram-negative bacterium
c)
Gram-positive bacterium
d)
Mycoplasma bacterium
23.

A bacterial cell survives boiling temperatures. Which structure allowed this?

a)
Plasmids
b)
Cell wall
c)
Flagella
d)
Endospores
24.

A drug disrupts 70S ribosomes but not 80S ribosomes. Which cells are affected?

a)
Prokaryotic cells (e.g., bacteria)
b)
Archaea (e.g., extremophiles)
c)
Eukaryotic cells (e.g., fungi)
d)
Viruses (e.g., bacteriophages)
25.

A bacterium attaches tightly to human epithelial cells using short hairlike projections. What structure is involved?

a)
Flagella
b)
Capsule
c)

Fimbriae

d)
Cilia
26.

Which bacterial structure is BOTH water-soluble AND loosely attached to the cell surface?

a)
cell wall
b)
flagella
c)
capsule
d)
slime layer
27.

Which structure is directly responsible for anchoring the bacterial flagellum to the cell wall?

a)
Basal body
b)

Hook

c)

Rod

d)

Filament

28.

Which statement about bacterial movement is TRUE?

a)

Tumbles move bacteria in straight lines

b)

Runs occur only when flagella rotate clockwise

c)

Counterclockwise rotation produces runs

d)

Chemotaxis occurs only in response to light

29.

Which bacterial cell wall component contributes to resistance against desiccation in acid-fast bacteria?

a)
Mycolic acids
b)
Teichoic acids
c)
Lipopolysaccharides
d)
Peptidoglycan
30.

Which structure would be ABSENT in a Mycoplasma cell but PRESENT in a Gram-negative cell?

a)

Nucleoid

b)

Peptidoglycan layer

c)
Ribosomes
d)

Cytoplasmic Membrane

31.

Which structure is MOST responsible for selective permeability in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)
Nucleus
b)

Cytoplasmic membrane

c)
Cell wall
d)
Ribosome
32.

Which structure is structurally similar in bacteria and eukaryotes but differs primarily in SIZE?

a)
Mitochondria
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Nucleus
d)
Cell wall
33.

Which pair of structures differs in BOTH composition AND mechanism of motion?

a)

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella

b)

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes

c)

Capsule and slime layer

d)

Pili and Fimbriae

34.

Which structure would MOST likely be missing in a bacterium that cannot perform chemotaxis?

a)
Pili
b)

Plasmid

c)
Capsule
d)
Flagella
35.

Which structure is located in the PERIPLASMIC SPACE of spirochetes?

a)

Capsule

b)

Endoflagella (axial filaments)

c)

Pili

d)

Ribosomes

36.

A bacterium forms biofilms but cannot conjugate. Which structure is functional but which is defective?

a)

Pili functional; fimbriae defective

b)

Fimbriae functional; pili defective

c)

Flagella functional; pili defective

d)

Capsule functional; ribosomes defective

37.

A mutation prevents formation of the basal body. What process fails?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Protein synthesis

c)

Bacterial motility

d)

Endospore formation

38.

A drug blocks tubulin polymerization. Which structure fails FIRST?

a)

Prokaryotic flagella

b)

Eukaryotic flagella and cilia

c)

Pili

d)

Bacterial cell wall

39.

Which structure would be LEAST affected by penicillin-class antibiotics?

a)

Gram-positive cell wall

b)

Gram-negative cell wall

c)

Mycoplasma cell envelope

d)

Acid-fast cell wall

40.

A bacterium stains pink and contains LPS. What type is it?

(a)  

41.

A bacterium survives boiling temperatures. What structure likely allowed this?

(a)  

42.

What is chemotaxis?

a)
Chemotaxis is the absorption of nutrients by cells.
b)
Chemotaxis is the process of photosynthesis in plants.
c)
Chemotaxis refers to the reproduction of bacteria.
d)
Chemotaxis is the movement of organisms or cells in response to chemical stimuli.