Front

Null hypothesis

Back

A statement of no effect or difference

Front

Research hypothesis

Back

A statement predicting an effect or difference

Front

Independent variable

Back

Variable manipulated by the researcher

Front

Dependent variable

Back

Variable measured in the experiment

Front

Lab Experiment

Back

Controlled environment for research

Front

Field Experiment

Back

Research conducted in a natural setting

Front

True Experiment

Back

Random assignment to conditions

Front

Natural Experiment

Back

Observing effects in real-world settings

Front

Quasi Experiment

Back

No random assignment, pre-existing groups

Front

Ecological validity

Back

Generalizability to real-world settings