Key Concepts in Argumentation and Critical Thinking

Front

Claim

Back

The main argument or point someone is trying to make in a text.

Front

Sub-Claim

Back

A smaller point that helps support the main claim.

Front

Evidence

Back

Information or facts that help prove or support a claim.

Front

Line of Reasoning

Back

How the evidence connects to the claim and explains why it supports the argument.

Front

Counterclaim

Back

An opposing argument that goes against the main claim.

Front

Refutation

Back

Explaining why the counterclaim is wrong by using evidence or reasoning.

Front

Thesis

Back

The main idea or argument the writer is trying to get across.

Front

Relevance

Back

How closely the evidence relates to the claim. If it’s relevant, it directly supports the point.

Front

Reliability

Back

How trustworthy the evidence is, based on where it comes from and if it matches other information.

Front

Credibility

Back

How believable or trustworthy a source is.