A Christmas Carol - Context

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Nickname for the 1840s

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The hungry forties

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Dickens' father at age 12

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Sent to debtors' prison

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Charles's job to pay father's debts

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Blacking factory

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Intention of 'A Christmas Carol'

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Draw attention to plight of England's poor

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True test of society's moral worth

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How they treat children

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Dickens' trip to Manchester

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Sights of London's poor children in jails and doss houses

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Malthus' idea on overpopulation

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Leads to catastrophe

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1844 Factories Act: Child Labor Restrictions

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9-13 years: max 9 hours/day, 6 days/week

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Last resort for the poor without job or money

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The workhouse