chapter three

Front

what is cognition?

Back

the study of how we remember, think about, and process information in our world

Front

what is metacognition?

Back

your ability to monitor and regulate your own cognitive processes

Front

what is social cognition and why do we study it?

Back

the study of how we perceive, remember, and interpret information about ourselves and others

to understand social influence, we must know how people perceive, remember, and interpret social information

Front

automatic vs. controlled thinking

Back

automatic: quick, no conscious deliberation, everyday decision making

controlled: slow, effortful and deliberate, carefully choosing options

Front

why do we need automatic thinking?

Back

if we had to carefully think about every decision we make, we wouldn't get much done

automatic thinking allows us to come to conclusions and social judgements quickly

most of our thinking is automatic and unconscious

Front

what is a schema?

Back

using prior knowledge to think quickly about current situations

they consist of information relevant to an object or idea centered on a prototype of the object or idea.

Front

1. What are: person schemas, self-schemas, stereotypes, and scripts?

Back

person schemas: expectations based on personality traits; ex-how you expect an extrovert to act

self-schema: expectations and beliefs about ourselves; ex-i'm clumsy and will drop things

stereotypes: unfair expectations regarding a group of people; ex-Iowans are boring

scripts: a schema for events, a mental representation of a familiar sequence of activities

Front

1. How can schemas influence memory (Bransford & Johnson, 1972)?

Back

telling participants a task gave them a schema to help remember the steps. if participants had a schema to guide their processing, they remembered much more information from the story.

Front

1. How can schemas influence perceptions (Kelley, 1950)?

Back

the lecture was rates more favorably in the warm condition than the cold condition

Front

1. How can schemas influence behavior (Rosenthal & Jacobsen, 1968)?

Back

teachers led to believe particular students will "bloom" academically in the upcoming year, so they treated those students differently