Intelligence and Testing Concepts

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General ability (g) intelligence

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The single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence.

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Multiple intelligences

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Theory that proposes that there are distinct spheres of intelligence.

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Intelligence quotient (IQ)

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Early formal intelligence tests yielded an intelligence quotient (IQ), which divided mental age by chronological age. In modern times, IQ scores are often used to identify students for educational services.

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Standardized

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A test is administered using consistent procedures and environments.

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Test validity

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The degree to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure.

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Construct validity

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The extent to which the test covers the full range of the concept it claims to measure.

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Predictive validity

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The extent to which a test accurately predicts future performance or behavior.

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Reliability

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The consistency of a test in measuring what it is trying to measure.

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Test-retest reliability

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Consistency of a test's results when the same individuals take it at different times.

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Split-half reliability

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Consistency of test results across two halves of the same test.