The variety of ecosystems that exist in a given region.

The number of different species in a given area.

The relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area.

The processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced.

A good produced by an ecosystem that humans can use directly.

The farming of fish, shellfish, and seaweed.

The study of how species are distributed and interacting on islands.

A description of how the number of species on an island increases with the area of the island.

Ecological tolerance (Fundamental niche)

The suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce.

The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives.

Areas of the world in which a species lives.

A large number of species that went extinct over a relatively short period of time.

Occurring regularly, such as the cycles of day and night or the daily and nightly cycle of the moon’s effects on ocean tides.

Occurring somewhat regularly, such as cycles of high rain and low rain that occur every 5 to 10 years.

Occurring with no regular pattern such as volcanic eruptions or hurricanes.

In an ecosystem, a measure of how much a disruption can affect flows of energy and matter.

The rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disruption.

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

The hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance will favor a higher level of diversity of species than those with high or low disturbance levels.

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time.

Evolution at the population level.

Evolution that gives rise to new species, genera, families, classes, or phyla.

Evolution by artificial selection

The process in which humans determine which individuals to breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind.

Evolution by natural selection

The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce.

An individual’s ability to survive and reproduce.

A trait that improves an individual’s fitness.

Evolution by random processes

The processes that alter the genetic composition of a population over time, but the changes are not related to differences in fitness among individuals.

Allopatric speciation

The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation.

The evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation.

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

An organism produced by copying genes from a species with some desirable trait and inserting them into other species of plants, animals, or microbes.

Ecological succession

The predictable replacement of one group of species by another group of species over time.

Ecological succession occurring on surfaces with bare rock and no soil.

In primary succession, species that can survive with little to no soil.

The succession of plant life that occurs in areas that have been disturbed but have not lost their soil.

Final stage of succession

Historically described as the final stage of succession.

A species that is not very abundant but has large effects on an ecological community.

A species that demonstrates a particular characteristic of an ecosystem.

Species that live in a very small area of the world and nowhere else, often in isolated locations such as the Hawaiian Islands.

Biodiversity hotspots

Isolated areas that are home to so many endemic species, that they contain a high proportion of all the species found on Earth.

APES Unit 2 Friedland 4e Flashcards

Student preview

45 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Biodiversity

Back

The diversity of life forms in an environment.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Genetic diversity

Back

A measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Population bottleneck

Back

When a large population declines in number, the amount of genetic diversity carried by the surviving individuals is greatly reduced.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Species diversity

Back

The number of species in a region or in a particular ecosystem.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Habitat diversity

Back

The variety of habitats that exist in a given ecosystem.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Specialists

Back

Species that only live under a narrow range of biotic or abiotic conditions.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Generalists

Back

Species that can live under a wide range of biotic or abiotic conditions.

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