APGoPo Unit 5_ Political Participation

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15th Amendment (1870)

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States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race, ethnicity, or previous condition of servitude.

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19th Amendment (1920)

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Gave women (white women) the right to vote.

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24th Amendment (1964)

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Abolishes poll taxes.

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23rd Amendment (1961)

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D.C. residents can vote for presidential elections.

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26th Amendment (1971)

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Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

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A policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination.

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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (McCain-Feingold)

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Banned soft money contributions to national political parties from corporations and unions; independent expenditures by corporations, labor unions, trade associations, and nonprofit organizations are sharply restricted.

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Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

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A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Leads to creation of SuperPACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering.

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Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

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Establishes campaign money limits but also holds that contributions are a form of speech.

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Electoral Caucus

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A local meeting in which party members select a party's nominee for the general election.