The Atom Vocab Flashcards

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Atom

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The smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.

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Proton

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A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom, carrying a positive charge.

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Neutron

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A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of atoms that is neutral, meaning it has no charge.

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Electron

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A subatomic particle with a negative charge, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

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Valence electrons

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The electrons in the outer shell of an atom that are involved in forming bonds with other atoms.

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Quarks

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Fundamental particles that are components of protons and neutrons.

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Atomic number

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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.

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Mass number

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The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

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Groups

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Columns of elements in the periodic table that share similar chemical properties.

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Periods

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Rows in the periodic table that represent the energy levels of electrons in an atom.