Soil: Origin, Formation, and Composition

Front

What is soil defined as?

Back

Soil is defined as a three-dimensional, dynamic natural body occurring on the surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with decayed organic matter.

Front

What are the main roles of soil?

Back

Soil is capable of retaining water, providing nutrients, supporting plant growth, and supporting a wide range of biotic communities.

Front

What is pedogenesis?

Back

The process of formation of soil is called pedogenesis.

Front

What is the first stage of soil formation?

Back

The first stage is weathering, which involves the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles.

Front

What processes can cause weathering?

Back

Weathering can occur through physical processes such as freezing and root growth, and chemical processes such as oxidation and carbonation.

Front

What happens during the addition stage of soil formation?

Back

Organic matter, nutrients, and minerals are added to the soil from decaying plant and animal matter, atmospheric deposition, or fertilizers.

Front

What is transformation in soil formation?

Back

Transformation involves changing soil minerals and organic matter through chemical and biological processes.

Front

What is translocation in soil formation?

Back

Translocation is the movement of soil particles and nutrients within the soil, which can occur through leaching or the activity of soil organisms.

Front

What is horizonation?

Back

Horizonation is the formation of distinct layers or horizons within the soil profile over time.

Front

What is soil aging?

Back

Soil aging refers to the development of unique soil properties as soils become more complex and mature over time.