What is Quantum in the context of scheduling?

A fixed time slice allocated to a process.

What is Non-preemptive scheduling?

A type of scheduling in which a process terminates or switches from a running state to a waiting state.

The time when a process has control of the CPU.

What does it mean to Starve a process?

To constantly deprive a process of the necessary resources to carry out a task/process.

What is Low level scheduling?

A method by which a system assigns a processor to a task or process based on the priority level.

What is a Process Control Block (PCB)?

A data structure which contains all the data needed for a process to run.

What are the Process states?

Running, ready and blocked; the states of a process requiring execution.

What is Round Robin scheduling?

A scheduling algorithm that uses time slices assigned to each process in a job queue.

What is Context switching?

A procedure by which, when the next process takes control of the CPU, its previous state is reinstated or restored.

What is an Interrupt Dispatch Table (IDT)?

A data structure used to implement an interrupt vector table.

What are Interrupt Priority Levels (IPL)?

Values given to interrupts based on values 0 to 31.

What is Optimisation in memory management?

A function of memory management deciding which processes should be in main memory and where they should be stored.

A form of memory management which divides up physical memory and logical memory into fixed-size memory blocks.

What is Logical memory?

The address space that an OS perceives to be main storage.

What are Frames in memory management?

Fixed-size physical memory blocks.

What are Pages in memory management?

Fixed-size logical memory blocks.

What is a Page Table?

A table that maps logical addresses to physical addresses; it contains page number, flag status, frame address and time of entry.

What does Dirty mean in the context of memory?

A term used to describe a page in memory that has been modified.

What is a Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB)?

A memory cache which can reduce the time taken to access a user memory location; it is part of the memory management unit.

What is Segments memory?

Variable-size memory blocks into which logical memory is split up.

What is a Segment Map Table?

A table containing the segment number, segment size and corresponding memory location in physical memory: it maps logical memory segments to physical memory.

What is Virtual memory?

A type of paging that gives the illusion of unlimited memory being available.

Space on HDD used in virtual memory, which saves process data.

What is In demand paging?

A form of data swapping where pages of data are not copied from HDD/SSD into RAM until they are actually required.

What is Disk thrashing?

A problem resulting from use of virtual memory. Excessive swapping in and out of virtual memory leads to a high rate of hard disk read/write head movements thus reducing processing speed.

What is a Thrash point?

The point at which the execution of a process comes to a halt since the system is busier paging in/out of memory rather than actually executing them.

What is Page replacement?

Occurs when a requested page is not in memory and a free page cannot be used to satisfy allocation.

What is a Page fault?

Occurs when a new page is referred but is not yet in memory.

What is First in First out (FIFO) page replacement?

Page replacement that keeps track of all pages in memory using a queue structure. The oldest page is at the front of the queue and is the first to be removed when a new page is added.

What is Belady’s anomaly?

A phenomenon which means it is possible to have more page faults when increasing the number of page frames.

What is Optimal page replacement?

A page replacement algorithm that looks forward in time to see which frame to replace in the event of a page fault.

What is Least Recently Used (LRU) page replacement?

A page replacement algorithm in which the page which has not been used for the longest time is replaced.

Operating System Concepts Flashcards

Student preview

41 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Bootstrap?

Back

A small program that is used to load other programs to ‘start up’ a computer.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Scheduling in operating systems?

Back

A process manager which handles the removal of running programs from the CPU and the selection of new processes.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What does a Direct Memory Access (DMA) controller do?

Back

Allows certain hardware to access RAM independently of the CPU.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the Kernel in an operating system?

Back

The core of an OS with control over process management, memory management, interrupt handling, device management and I/O operations.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Multitasking?

Back

A function allowing a computer to process more than one task/process at a time.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a Process?

Back

A program that has started to be executed.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Preemptive scheduling?

Back

A type of scheduling in which a process switches from running state to steady state or from waiting state to steady state.

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