Front

Dynamics

Back

Varying dynamics; ff (fortissimo), mf (mezzo forte), p (piano), f (forte), cresc. (crescendo)

Front

Tempo

Back

♩=100bpm & ♩=160bpm

Front

Time Signatures

Back

4/4 or Quadruple time, & 3/4 or Triple time

Front

Rhythmic features

Back

Triplets & sextuplets – mainly quavers, some semiquavers

Front

Syncopation

Back

Playing on the offbeat or the space between beats

Front

Cross Rhythms

Back

Two different rhythmic languages used at the same time, e.g. triplet quavers and regular quavers

Front

Poco rallentando/ poco ral.

Back

Gradual decrease in speed (usually used at end of a section)

Front

Ritardando/ rit.

Back

A gradual decrease in speed followed by a pause

Front

A tempo

Back

Italian sign for playing at the originally indicated tempo

Front

Homorhythmic/ Rhythmic unison

Back

All parts playing the same rhythm together