Transcription and Translation

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

DNA --> mRNA --> polypeptide chain.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA template.

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid.

Front

What amino acid does the codon AUG code for?

Back

Methionine (Met), which is also the start codon.

Front

What does the codon UGA signify?

Back

It is a stop codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in translation?

Back

Ribosomes facilitate the decoding of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from DNA, while translation is the synthesis of proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the codons in mRNA.