Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

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Geocentric Theory

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The belief that the Earth was the center of the universe.

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Heliocentric

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The theory that the Sun is at the center of the universe, replacing the geocentric model.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

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Scientific Method

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A systematic approach to inquiry based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning.

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Empiricism

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The theory that knowledge comes from sensory experience and observation.

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Inductive Reasoning

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The process of making generalizations based on specific observations or experiments.

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Deductive Reasoning

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Reasoning from general principles to specific cases, often associated with René Descartes.

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Law of Gravitation

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Isaac Newton’s law stating that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to their mass and distance apart.

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NGSS.HS-PS2-4

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Three Laws of Motion

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Newton’s fundamental principles describing the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.

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World-Machine

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The concept, promoted by Newton, that the universe operates like a machine governed by natural laws.

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Scientific Societies

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Organizations like the Royal Society in England that promoted scientific knowledge and collaboration.