Unit 5: Protein Synthesis - Transcription/ Translation and Mutations

Front

What is the process of reading the mRNA strand to make a protein called?

Back

Translation

Front

Where does transcription occur in a eukaryotic cell?

Back

Nucleus

Front

Which base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

Back

Thymine

Front

Given the DNA template strand 3' TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5', what is the corresponding amino acid chain?

Back

Arginine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

Front

What is the main function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

To bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

To carry the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

What is a mutation in the context of genetics?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon in translation?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.