Unit 05.2 Vocabulary

Front

What is an undifferentiated cell that gives rise to specialized cells?

Back

Stem cell

Front

What is the process of copying nucleic acids to make them easier to analyze, often through PCR?

Back

Amplification

Front

What is the study of factors affecting gene expression that are not directly linked to nucleotide sequence?

Back

Epigenetics

Front

What do we call an organism that has had its DNA altered through genetic engineering?

Back

Genetically modified organism

Front

What laboratory technique amplifies a specific DNA segment into billions of copies for detailed study?

Back

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Front

What is the role of stem cells in biological systems?

Back

Stem cells can differentiate into various specialized cell types, playing a crucial role in development and tissue repair.

Front

How does amplification through PCR benefit genetic analysis?

Back

It allows for the creation of millions of copies of a specific DNA segment, making it easier to study and analyze.

Front

What are some environmental factors that can influence gene expression in epigenetics?

Back

Factors such as diet, stress, and exposure to toxins can affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Front

What are the potential benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Back

GMOs can lead to increased crop yields, resistance to pests and diseases, and enhanced nutritional content.

Front

What are the key steps involved in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Back

The key steps are denaturation, annealing, and extension.