DNA HISTORY & STRUCTURE

Front

What are the three main components of a nucleotide?

Back

1. Nitrogen Base 2. 5 Carbon Sugar 3. Phosphate Group

Front

What is the role of nitrogen bases in DNA?

Back

Nitrogen bases pair with each other (Adenine with Thymine, and Cytosine with Guanine) to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, encoding genetic information.

Front

What is the significance of Frederick Griffith's experiment with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria?

Back

Griffith discovered the process of transformation, where genetic material from dead bacteria could be taken up by live bacteria, changing their characteristics.

Front

What is Chargaff's rule in relation to DNA?

Back

Chargaff's rule states that in a double-stranded DNA molecule, the amount of Adenine (A) is equal to Thymine (T), and the amount of Cytosine (C) is equal to Guanine (G).

Front

What is the structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick?

Back

Watson and Crick proposed that DNA has a double helix structure, consisting of two strands that wind around each other.

Front

What is the function of the 5 carbon sugar in a nucleotide?

Back

The 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA) forms the backbone of the DNA molecule, linking with phosphate groups and nitrogen bases.

Front

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Back

1. Adenine (A) 2. Thymine (T) 3. Cytosine (C) 4. Guanine (G)

Front

What is the role of the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

Back

The phosphate group links the 5 carbon sugar of one nucleotide to the 3 carbon sugar of another, forming the DNA backbone.

Front

How do the nitrogen bases pair in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G) through hydrogen bonds.

Front

What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?

Back

The double helix structure allows for the compact storage of genetic information and provides a mechanism for replication.