What happens when a device needs a MAC address for a destination IP address?

The device sends an ARP request as a broadcast frame to find the MAC address associated with the IPv4 address.

What is the difference between unicast, multicast, and broadcast MAC addresses?

Unicast MAC addresses are unique for one-to-one communication, multicast addresses are used for one-to-many communication, and broadcast addresses are sent to all devices on a local network.

How does a switch learn MAC addresses?

A switch learns MAC addresses by examining incoming frames for new source MAC address information and adding unknown addresses to its MAC address table.

What is the function of the MAC address table in a switch?

The MAC address table allows the switch to make forwarding decisions based on the Layer 2 Ethernet MAC addresses.

What are the two types of duplex settings in Ethernet communications?

The two types of duplex settings are full-duplex, where both ends can send and receive simultaneously, and half-duplex, where only one end can send at a time.

What is cut-through switching?

Cut-through switching is a method where the switch forwards a packet after reading the destination MAC address without performing error checking.

What is the role of the Preamble and Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) in an Ethernet frame?

The Preamble and SFD indicate the beginning of an Ethernet frame.

What is the significance of the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) in MAC addresses?

The OUI is a 3-byte code assigned by IEEE to identify the vendor of the device, ensuring that all MAC addresses from that vendor start with the same OUI.

What is ARP spoofing?

ARP spoofing is an attack where an attacker responds to ARP requests pretending to be a legitimate device, potentially redirecting traffic.

What is the impact of duplex mismatch in Ethernet links?

Duplex mismatch occurs when one port operates in half-duplex and the other in full-duplex, leading to performance issues.

How does a switch handle unknown unicast MAC addresses?

If the destination MAC address is not in the MAC address table, the switch floods the frame out all ports except the incoming port.

What is the function of the ARP cache?

The ARP cache stores mappings of IP addresses to MAC addresses, allowing devices to quickly find the MAC address associated with a given IP address.

What is the maximum number of flashcards that can be generated from the provided text?

The maximum number of flashcards that can be generated is 100.

What is the significance of the Ethernet frame structure?

The Ethernet frame structure provides MAC addressing and error checking, making Ethernet an effective and widely used TCP/IP network access protocol.

What is the role of auto-MDIX in Ethernet connections?

Auto-MDIX automatically detects the type of cable connected to a port and configures the interfaces accordingly, simplifying connections between devices.

What is the purpose of the FCS field in an Ethernet frame?

The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field is used for error detection to ensure the integrity of the transmitted frame.

What is the difference between port-based and shared memory buffering in switches?

Port-based memory buffering stores frames in queues linked to specific ports, while shared memory buffering uses a common buffer shared by all ports.

What is the role of the Destination MAC address in an Ethernet frame?

The Destination MAC address indicates the MAC address of the device that will receive the Ethernet frame.

What is the typical lifespan of an entry in a MAC address table?

By default, most Ethernet switches keep an entry in the MAC address table for 5 minutes.

What is the function of the ipconfig /all command on a Windows host?

The ipconfig /all command is used to identify the MAC address of an Ethernet adapter on a Windows host.

What is the significance of the hexadecimal representation of MAC addresses?

Hexadecimal representation simplifies the expression of MAC addresses, making it easier to read and write compared to binary.

What is the impact of ARP requests on network performance?

ARP requests can flood the local segment if many devices are powered on simultaneously, potentially impacting network performance.

What is the purpose of the ARP reply message?

The ARP reply message includes the sender's IPv4 address and MAC address, allowing the requesting device to update its ARP table.

What is the role of the switch in a local area network?

A switch connects devices within a local area network and makes forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses.

What is the significance of the Ethernet standards?

Ethernet standards define how data is formatted and transmitted over wired networks, ensuring compatibility and performance.

What is the function of the source MAC address in an Ethernet frame?

The source MAC address identifies the device that sent the Ethernet frame.

What is the purpose of the error detection in the MAC sublayer?

Error detection in the MAC sublayer ensures that frames are transmitted without corruption, maintaining data integrity.

What is the role of the switch in filtering frames?

The switch filters frames by examining the MAC address table and forwarding frames only to the appropriate port.

What is the significance of the frame delimiting function in data encapsulation?

Frame delimiting marks the beginning and end of a frame, ensuring that the data is correctly interpreted by the receiving device.

What is the impact of using switches instead of hubs in a network?

Using switches reduces the probability of frame collisions in half-duplex links, improving network performance.

What is the role of the default gateway in Ethernet communications?

The default gateway is used when a device needs to communicate with a destination IP address that is on a different network.

What is the purpose of the ARP table in a device's memory?

The ARP table allows a device to quickly find the MAC address associated with a given IPv4 address.

What is the significance of the 48 bits in a MAC address?

The 48 bits in a MAC address provide a unique identifier for each device on a network, ensuring proper communication.

What is the role of the Fast-forward switching method?

Fast-forward switching offers the lowest level of latency by immediately forwarding a packet after reading the destination address.

What is the purpose of the Fragment-free switching method?

Fragment-free switching stores the first 64 bytes of the frame before forwarding, balancing speed and error checking.

What is the significance of the CSMA/CD mechanism in early Ethernet?

CSMA/CD was used to manage media contention and reduce collisions in shared media environments.

What is the role of the sender's MAC address in an ARP reply?

The sender's MAC address in an ARP reply allows the requesting device to update its ARP table with the correct mapping.

What is the impact of ARP cache timers on network devices?

ARP cache timers remove unused entries after a specified period, ensuring that the ARP table remains current.

What is the significance of the broadcast MAC address in Ethernet?

The broadcast MAC address allows a packet to be sent to all devices on a local network.

What is the role of the DHCP protocol in relation to ARP?

DHCP uses broadcasts to assign IP addresses to devices on a network, often requiring ARP to resolve MAC addresses.

What is the purpose of the show ip arp command on a Cisco router?

The show ip arp command displays the ARP table on a Cisco router, showing the mappings of IP addresses to MAC addresses.

What is the significance of the 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 range?

This range is used for multicast IP addresses, allowing a source device to send packets to a group of devices.

What is the role of the ARP cache in maintaining network performance?

The ARP cache helps devices quickly resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses, reducing the need for repeated ARP requests.

What is the impact of ARP requests on network traffic?

ARP requests can increase network traffic, especially if many devices are powered on and trying to communicate simultaneously.

Chapter 5: Ethernet

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FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the operation of Ethernet?

Back

Ethernet is the most widely used LAN technology that operates at the data link layer and the physical layer, defined in the IEEE 802.2 and 802.3 standards. It supports various data bandwidths and relies on two sublayers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC).

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the two sublayers of the Ethernet data link layer?

Back

The two sublayers are the Logical Link Control (LLC) and the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayers.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is encapsulation in Ethernet?

Back

Encapsulation is the process of prepending protocol information with information from another protocol, similar to placing a letter inside an envelope.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the minimum and maximum size of an Ethernet frame?

Back

The minimum Ethernet frame size is 64 bytes and the maximum is 1518 bytes.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a MAC address?

Back

A MAC address is a 48-bit binary value expressed as 12 hexadecimal digits, used to identify devices on a network.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are the responsibilities of the MAC sublayer?

Back

The MAC sublayer is responsible for data encapsulation and media access control, which includes frame delimiting, addressing, and error detection.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the purpose of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?

Back

ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses and maintains a table of mappings.

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