Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics

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What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell.

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What are sister chromatids?

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Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome, connected by a centromere, that are formed during DNA replication.

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What occurs during meiosis I?

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Meiosis I involves the separation of homologous chromosomes, resulting in two haploid cells.

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What occurs during meiosis II?

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Meiosis II involves the separation of sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells.

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What is a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

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What does it mean for a trait to be dominant?

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A dominant trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present.

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What does it mean for a trait to be recessive?

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A recessive trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies of the allele are present.

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What is trisomy?

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Trisomy is a genetic condition where an individual has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.

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What is Down Syndrome?

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Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to developmental and physical challenges.

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What is a karyotype?

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A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs and organized by size.