2021-ALL THINGS DNA AND PROTEINS

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

The three main types of RNA are mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is the process of translation?

Back

Translation is the process of converting the sequence of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

An amino acid is a building block of proteins, consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain.

Front

How many codons are needed to code for one amino acid?

Back

One codon, which consists of three nucleotides, codes for one amino acid.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the significance of the stop codons?

Back

Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal the termination of protein synthesis.