MI 1.4 Review

Front

What is the purpose of using a restriction enzyme in genetic engineering?

Back

Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the insertion of foreign genes into plasmids or other DNA molecules.

Front

What is a plasmid?

Back

A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria that can replicate independently and can be used to carry foreign genes.

Front

Define recombinant DNA technology.

Back

Recombinant DNA technology is the process of cutting DNA from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism to create genetically modified organisms.

Front

What is a vector in genetic engineering?

Back

A vector is a DNA molecule, such as a plasmid or virus, used to transfer foreign genetic material into a host cell.

Front

What type of cut do sticky ends refer to in DNA?

Back

Sticky ends refer to the overhanging ends of DNA that are created when a restriction enzyme makes a staggered cut, allowing for easier ligation with complementary DNA.

Front

Why is it important for both plasmid and human gene to be cut by the same restriction enzyme?

Back

Cutting both the plasmid and the human gene with the same restriction enzyme ensures that the ends of the DNA fragments are compatible for ligation, allowing for successful insertion.

Front

What is the role of ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

Back

Ligase is an enzyme that joins together the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA fragments, sealing the nicks and creating a continuous DNA strand.

Front

What are the potential applications of recombinant DNA technology?

Back

Applications include gene therapy, production of insulin, genetically modified crops, and research in genetics and molecular biology.

Front

What is the significance of using a vector in gene transfer?

Back

Vectors facilitate the delivery of foreign genes into host cells, ensuring that the genes can be expressed and replicated within the host.

Front

What is the difference between blunt ends and sticky ends in DNA cutting?

Back

Blunt ends are straight cuts in the DNA that do not have overhanging bases, while sticky ends have overhanging bases that can easily pair with complementary sequences.