protein synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription and Translation.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide chain (protein) using ribosomes.

Front

What role does mRNA play in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is tRNA and its function?

Back

Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

The set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins, consisting of codons that specify amino acids.

Front

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Back

Three nucleotides.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

The building blocks of proteins, each specified by a codon in the mRNA.