Protein Synthesis and Mutation L.16.4-L.16.5

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process by which ribosomes read mRNA sequences to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon AUG?

Back

AUG is the start codon that signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What are ribosomes?

Back

Cellular structures that facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.