Chromosomal Mutations

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What is non-disjunction?

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Non-disjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

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What are the nitrogen bases that form the dark bands on chromosomes?

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The dark bands on chromosomes are formed by the nitrogen bases Adenine (A) and Thymine (T).

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What is Turner's Syndrome?

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Turner's Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects females, characterized by the absence of one X chromosome (45,X).

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation is a type of chromosomal mutation where a segment of the chromosome is lost, resulting in a shorter chromosome.

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What is trisomy?

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Trisomy is a genetic disorder where an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two, such as in Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Edward's Syndrome (Trisomy 18).

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What is crossing over?

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Crossing over is a process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.

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What is a karyotype?

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A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs and organized by size, shape, and number.

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What is Klienfelter's Syndrome?

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Klienfelter's Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in males characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome (47,XXY), leading to various physical and developmental issues.

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What is an inversion mutation?

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An inversion mutation occurs when a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end, which can affect gene expression.

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What is translocation in genetics?

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Translocation is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome, potentially leading to genetic disorders.