Genetic Engineering 2

Front

What is hybridization in genetic engineering?

Back

Hybridization is the process of crossing two different species or varieties to produce offspring with desired traits, increasing genetic variation.

Front

What is the role of a restriction enzyme?

Back

A restriction enzyme is a protein that cuts DNA molecules at specific sequences, allowing for the manipulation of genetic material.

Front

Define recombinant DNA.

Back

Recombinant DNA is a molecule that contains DNA from two different organisms, created by combining genetic material from both.

Front

How are males represented in a pedigree chart?

Back

Males are illustrated as squares in a pedigree chart.

Front

What do genes on DNA instruct the cell to make?

Back

Genes on DNA contain the instructions for making proteins.

Front

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

Back

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size, allowing for analysis and comparison.

Front

Explain the concept of inbreeding.

Back

Inbreeding is the mating of closely related individuals, which can increase the chances of genetic disorders but may also reduce genetic diversity.

Front

What is a plasmid?

Back

A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria that can replicate independently and is often used in genetic engineering.

Front

What is the significance of mutations in genetic variation?

Back

Mutations are changes in DNA that can introduce new traits and increase genetic variation within a population.

Front

Define polyploidy.

Back

Polyploidy is a condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, often leading to increased size and vigor.