DNA and RNA Review

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix made up of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is RNA and how does it differ from DNA?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is single-stranded and contains Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T).

Front

What are the three types of RNA?

Back

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Front

What is the function of mRNA?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is transcription in the context of DNA and RNA?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.