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What is correlation?

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Correlation is a statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables change together. A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other also increases, while a negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other decreases.

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What is causation?

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Causation indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of another event. In other words, causation implies a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.

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What does a correlation coefficient of r = 1 indicate?

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A correlation coefficient of r = 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable increases in perfect proportion.

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What does a correlation coefficient of r = -1 indicate?

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A correlation coefficient of r = -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases in perfect proportion.

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What does a correlation coefficient of r = 0 indicate?

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A correlation coefficient of r = 0 indicates no correlation between the two variables, meaning that changes in one variable do not predict changes in the other.

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What does a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9 suggest?

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A correlation coefficient of r = 0.9 suggests a strong positive correlation between the two variables, indicating that as one variable increases, the other variable tends to also increase.

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What does a correlation coefficient of r = -0.5 suggest?

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A correlation coefficient of r = -0.5 suggests a moderate negative correlation, indicating that as one variable increases, the other variable tends to decrease.

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What is the difference between correlation and causation?

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Correlation does not imply causation. Just because two variables are correlated does not mean that one causes the other. There may be other factors involved.

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What is a scatterplot?

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A scatterplot is a graphical representation of two variables, where each point represents an observation. It is used to visualize the relationship between the variables.

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How can you determine the strength of a correlation?

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The strength of a correlation can be determined by the absolute value of the correlation coefficient (r). Values close to 1 or -1 indicate a strong correlation, while values close to 0 indicate a weak correlation.