Biotechnology Flashcard Review 2022

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What is a restriction enzyme?

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A restriction enzyme is a protein that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, which is essential for genetic engineering and molecular cloning.

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What does a DNA fingerprint indicate?

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A DNA fingerprint indicates the presence of various-sized fragments of DNA, which can be used for identification and forensic analysis.

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What is the Human Genome Project?

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The Human Genome Project was an international scientific research project aimed at mapping and sequencing all the genes in the human genome, completed in 2003.

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What is a transgenic organism?

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A transgenic organism is an organism that has genes from another species inserted into its genome, often used in genetic engineering.

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What is the purpose of genetic engineering?

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The purpose of genetic engineering is to modify the genetic makeup of an organism to achieve desired traits, such as disease resistance or increased yield.

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What are oncogenes?

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Oncogenes are genes that have the potential to cause cancer when mutated or expressed at high levels.

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What is DNA sequencing?

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DNA sequencing is the process of determining the exact order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.

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What is the role of plasmids in biotechnology?

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Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules used as vectors to transfer genetic material into cells.

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What is CRISPR technology?

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CRISPR technology is a gene-editing tool that allows for precise modifications to DNA in living organisms.

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What is gene therapy?

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Gene therapy is a technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or prevent disease.